Fig. 3From: Long-term results of minimally invasive stand-alone bi-atrial surgical ablation with a bipolar ablation device for persistent and longstanding persistent AF: a single-center case series of 91 patientsFreedom from arrhythmia off AADs at follow-up in patients with and without achievement of PVI. AAD antiarrhythmic drug, PVI(+) pulmonary vein isolation achieved, PVI(−) pulmonary vein isolation not achievedBack to article page