Table 1 Summary of the included studies
Study | Study type | Study period | Location | Total patients | Total SCI, No. (%) | Downs and Black score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afifi 2015 | Retrospective, single center | 2001–2014 | United States | 37 | 2 (5.4) | 6 | |
Andacheh 2012 | Prospective, single center | 2002–2010 | United States | 72 | 1 (1.4) | 8 | |
Andersen 2014 | Retrospective, single center | 2005–2013 | United States | 44 | 0 | 8 | |
Cambria 2015 | Prospective, multicenter | 2010–2012 | United States | 50 | 4 (8.0) | 10 | |
Chaikof 2009 | Retrospective, single center | 1998–2007 | United States | 44 | 1 (2.2) | 6 | |
Chou 2015 | Retrospective, single center | 2003–2009 | Taiwan | 119 | 1 (0.8) | 8 | |
Clough 2014 | Retrospective, single center | 2000–2014 | United Kingdom | 116 | 7 (6.0) | 10 | |
Conway 2018 | Retrospective, single center | 2010–2015 | United States | 125 | 7 (5.6) | 11 | |
Criado 2002 | Retrospective, single center | 1999–2002 | United States | 16 | 0 | 5 | |
Eleshra 2020 | Retrospective, single center | 2010–2017 | Germany | 64 | 2 (3.1) | 5 | |
Hiraoka 2018 | Retrospective, single center | 2008–2014 | Japan | 64 | 3 (4.7) | 9 | |
Jia 2013 | Prospective, multicenter | 2007–2010 | China | 208 | 2 (1.0) | 11 | |
Katayama 2015 | Retrospective, single center | 1997–2011 | Japan | 144 | 2 (1.4) | 12 | |
Lopez 2020 | Retrospective, multicenter | 2012–2016 | Spain | 90 | 6 (6.7) | 8 | |
Lou 2023 | Retrospective, single center | 2012–2020 | United States | 50 | 2 (4.0) | 8 | |
Mastroroberto 2010 | Retrospective, single center | 2001–2008 | Italy | 13 | 1 (7.7) | 9 | |
Morales 2007 | Retrospective, single center | 1997–2006 | United Kingdom | 52 | 1 (1.9) | 11 | |
Nozdrzykowski 2013 | Retrospective, single center | 2000–2010 | Germany | 32 | 3 (9.4) | 8 | |
Oberhuber 2011 | Retrospective, single center | 1999–2011 | Germany | 19 | 1 (5.3) | 6 | |
Preventza 2009 | Prospective, single center | 2000–2008 | United States | 109 | 4 (3.7) | 9 | |
Qu 2008 | Retrospective, single center | 2005–2007 | China | 41 | 0 | 11 | |
Ricco 2006 | Retrospective, multicenter | 1999–2001 | France | 33 | 3 (9.0) | 10 | |
Sandroussi 2007 | Retrospective, single center | 1995–2005 | United Kingdom | 23 | 0 | 7 | |
Scali 2013 | Retrospective, single center | 2004–2011 | United States | 80 | 8 (10.0) | 11 | |
Sobocinski 2020 | Retrospective, multicenter | 2005–2015 | United States | 41 | 2 (4.9) | 9 | |
Spinelli 2023 | Prospective, multicenter | 2010–2016 | Italy | 102 | 3 (2.9) | 10 | |
Stelzmueller 2019 | Retrospective, single center | 2001–2016 | Austria | 55 | 3 (5.5) | 12 | |
Ullery 2011 | Retrospective, single center | 2002–2010 | United States | 80 | 4 (5.0) | 8 | |
Wamala 2022 | Retrospective, single center | 2009–2019 | Germany | 65 | 3 (4.6) | 9 | |
Wang 2019 | Retrospective, multicenter | 2013–2016 | United States | 397 | 13 (3.3) | 8 | |
Wilkinson 2013 | Retrospective, single center | 1995–2012 | United States | 49 | 3 (6.1) | 5 | |
Zeeshan 2010 | Retrospective, single center | 2002–2010 | United States | 45 | 6 (13.3) | 5 | |
Zhang 2018 | Retrospective, multicenter | 2013–2018 | China | 106 | 1 (0.9) | 11 | |
Zipfel 2013 | Prospective, single center | 2000–2010 | Germany | 164 | 2 (1.2) | 12 | |