Table 4 Multivariable analysis determining covariate factors associated with malignant SPNs

Variable

standardizedβ

OR

95%CI

P value

Burr sign

0.773

3.57

1.58–8.90

0.040

Lobulation sign

0.658

3.43

1.25–7.35

0.032

Pleural traction sign

0.547

4.01

1.04–7.59

0.021

Vascular convergence sign

0.376

4.52

1.37–9.04

0.001

Vacuole sign

0.554

3.64

1.05–10.02

0.023

Size>1.0 cm

0.738

3.82

1.14–8.77

0.004

Calcification

-3.211

0.54

0.34–0.65

0.045

Satellite lesions

-4.217

0.76

0.43–0.75

0.003

Second-hander

0.534

4.59

1.57–10.49

0.001

Serum levels of testosterone

0.432

2.31

1.09–5.13

0.037

Serum levels of estradiol

0.451

2.02

1.28–4.63

0.001

Serum levels of progesterone

0.399

2.48

1.33–4.25

0.029