Table 1 Preoperative characteristics

Clinical demographics

 Age (years)

61.4 ± 11.1

63.4 ± 11.9

59.9 ± 10.3

0.069

 Sex (male, n,%)

79, 59.8

38, 65.5

41, 55.4

0.239

 BMI (kg/m2)

26.8 ± 5.3

26.1 ± 5.5

27.3 ± 5.1

0.188

 Hypertension (n,%)

99, 75

45, 77.6

54, 73

0.544

 Diabetes mellitus (n,%)

9, 6.8

2, 3.4

7, 1.4

0.174

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.5 ± 1.7

1.6 ± 1.9

1.4 ± 1.4

0.556

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

65.5 ± 27.9

62.1 ± 29.8

68.1 ± 26.2

0.220

 Marfan syndrome (n,%)

3, 2.3

1, 1.7

2, 2.7

0.708

Preoperative condition

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

96 ± 18.8

91.3 ± 21.3

99.7 ± 15.7

0.010

 Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg (n,%)

34, 25.8

21, 36.2

13, 17.6

0.015

 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n,%)

5, 3.8

3, 5.2

2, 2.7

0.461

 Ventilator support (n,%)

10, 7.6

8, 13.8

2, 2.7

0.017

 Repeat surgery (n,%)

1, 0.8

0

1, 1.4

0.374

 EuroSCORE II (%)

9.9 ± 3.0

12.0 ± 2.6

8.3 ± 2.3

< 0.001

 Time from ED to OR (h)

5.1 ± 2.5

4.7 ± 3.1

5.4 ± 1.9

0.142

Clinical presentation

 Chest/back pain (n,%)

107, 81.1

43, 74.1

64, 86.5

0.072

 Cardiac tamponade (n,%)

21, 15.9

21, 36.2

0

< 0.001

 Aortic regurgitation > moderate (n,%)

3, 2.3

2, 3.4

1, 1.4

0.422

 Malperfusion^a (n,%)

10, 7.6

4, 6.9

6, 8.1

0.794

 Cerebral infarction^b (n,%)

1, 0.8

0

1, 1.4

0.374

ATAIMH-related profiles

 DeBakey type II (n,%)

14, 10.6

8, 13.8

6, 8.1

0.292

 AsAo diameter (mm)

45.4 ± 4.9

44.7 ± 3.5

45.9 ± 5.7

0.159

 IMH thickness (mm)

11.2 ± 3.4

13.4 ± 3.1

9.5 ± 2.5

< 0.001

 Hemopericardium thickness (mm)

NA

11.9 ± 6.7

NA

NA

 ULP located at AsAo or arch (n,%)

17, 12.9

9, 15.5

8, 10.8

0.423

 ULP located at descending aorta (n,%)

35, 26.5

12, 20.7

23, 31.1

0.179