Table 1 Preoperative variables of 96 patients undergoing surgical repair for ischemic mitral valve regurgitation. All patients received complete surgical coronary revascularization and restrictive mitral annuloplasty (RMA).After 1:1 randomization, 48 patients also received papillary muscle approximation (PMA).CCS = Canadian Cardiovascular Society
From: Interpapillary muscle distance independently predicts recurrent mitral regurgitation
Preoperative variables | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|  | RA—No 48 | PMA – No 48 | P value |
Baseline characteristics | |||
 Male sex | 30 (62.5) | 28 (58.3) | 0.676 |
 Age | 64.6 ± 7.4 | 62.9 ± 7.0 | 0.310 |
Medical history | |||
 Hypertension | 23 (47.9) | 23 (47.9) | 1.000 |
 Dyslipidemia | 20 (41.7) | 18 (37.5) | 0.676 |
 Diabetes | 20 (41.7) | 18 (37.5) | 0.676 |
 Chronic kidney disease stage III | 11 (22.9) | 12 (25.0) | 0.811 |
 Familiarity for cardiovascular disease | 12 (25.0) | 12 (25.0) | 1.000 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6 (12.5) | 7 (14.6) | 0.827 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 10 (20.8) | 9 (18.7) | 0.798 |
 Heart Failure | 36 (75.0) | 33 (68.7) | 0.496 |
Preoperative medications | |||
 Beta-blockers | 40 (83.3) | 41 (85.4) | 0.779 |
 Calcium-channel blockers, dihydropyridines | 23 (48.9) | 26 (54.2) | 0.610 |
 Nitrates | 31 (64.6) | 29 (60.4) | 0.673 |
 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 40 (83.3) | 39 (81.2) | 0.789 |
 Angiotensin receptor blockers | 8 (16.7) | 9 (18.7) | 0.789 |
 Diuretics | 48 (100.0) | 48 (100.0) | 1.000 |
Cardiac status | |||
Previous myocardial infarction | Â | Â | 0.948 |
 Inferior | 29 (60.4) | 29 (60.4) |  |
 Antero-infero-posterior | 10 (20.8) | 11 (22.9) |  |
 Antero-lateral | 9 (18.7) | 8 (16.7) |  |
Grade on CCS angina scale—n% |  |  | 0.834 |
 No angina | 29 (60.4) | 30 (62.5) |  |
 Grade III or IV | 19 (39.6) | 18 (37.5) |  |
Coronary angiography: diseased vessels (stenosis > 60%) |  |  |  |
 Left anterior descending | 30 (62.5) | 31 (64.6) | 0.832 |
 Left circumflex | 32 (66.7) | 34 (70.8) | 0.660 |
 Right coronary artery | 40 (83.3) | 42 (87.5) | 0.562 |
 Surgery within 60 days from infarction | 40 (83.3) | 42 (87.5) | 0.563 |
New York Heart Association functional class | Â | Â | 0.496 |
 3 | 12 (25.0) | 15 (31.2) |  |
 4 | 36 (75.0) | 33 (68.7) |  |
 Minnesota Living with Heart Failure score | 42.6 ± 12.4 | 43.7 ± 12.7 | 0.669 |