Author’s year | Study design | Measuring Method | Aim Characteristics | Results | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Røed-Undlien, et al. (2022) [14] | Experimental Study: Laboratory Case-study | In-Vitro | “Examine if the apixaban concentration in blood could be reduced … by the use of Cytosorb” -Apixaban concentration was measured at 0,5,15,30,60 and 120 minutes of absorption. | - After 30 minutes, the mean apixaban concentration was reduced from 414.3 (±69.1) ng/mL to 33 (±11.4) ng/mL. | Apixaban concentrations were effectively reduced, and the clotting time and thrombin generation assays were normalized by the use of Cytosorb®. |
Mendes, et al. (2021) [6] | Observational Study: Case report | In-Vivo | 83-Year-old women treated with apixaban underwent emergent redo mitral valve replacement for prothestic valve endocarditis. | - After 100 minutes of CPB, 50% AFXaA rate decrease was observed as compared to pre-CPB values. - 39% and 44% reductions of AFXaA levels in comparison to the expected levels in patients with normal or alterad renal function, respectively. | Cytosorb® cartridge in the CPB was safe and associated with rapid correction of Apiyaban-associated anticoagulation. |
Buonocore, et al. (2022) [15] | Observational Study: Case report | In-Vivo | 81-year-old male patient, haemodynamic unstable, with prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis on apixaban therapy. | -Direct measurement of pre-adsorber inlet and post-adsorber outlet apixaban plasma levels showed a rapid and sustained decrease of the drug through the adsorber. | Cytosorb® proved to be effective for removal of apixaban in emergency surgery setting by direct measurements of drugs levels before and during CPB circulation. |
Hassan, et al. (2022) [16] | Observational Study: Case-Control | In-Vivo | 25 patients undergoing cardiac surgery who were also on concurrent therapy with apixaban; Control Group (n=12) and Cytosorb® Group (n=13). | Cytosorb® group: -No bleeding events and no repeat-thoracotomies occurred; Post-op 24h volume was significantly lower (510±152 vs. 893±579 ml, p=0.03); -No need of DDAVP (0 vs 10±13.6 mg, p=0.01). | Use of hemadsorption in patient on apixaban undergoing emergent cardiac surgery, was feasible and safe. Compared to control group, bleeding complications did not occur and the need for 24 h chest-tube-drainage and 1-deamino-8-d-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) to achieve hemostasis, was significantly lower on Cytosorb® group. |
Dalmastri, et al. (2023) [17] | Observational Study: Case-report | In-Vivo | 82-year-old male patient, with AKI in the context of severe bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and other comorbidities, on apixaban therapy due to atrial fibrillation. | -After 2h30 minutes of CRRT with Cytosorb®, there was a good reduction of apixaban from 139 to 72 ng/ml (reduction rate of 48.2%) registered. This allowed for an easy placement of bilateral nephrostomies without complications. | Combined treatment with CRRT and Cytosorb® was associated with the rapid and effective removal of Apixaban. |