Survival benefit of coronary-artery bypass grafting accounted for deaths in those who remained untreated

Table 4 Hazard ratios (HRs) for death at any time after registration for CABG for treated patients relative to untreated patients and for patients who had surgery within target times relative to those who had surgery after target times

Time-dependent treatment effect*	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR(95% CI)^†
Model I, Treatment indicator
Treated vs Untreated	0.53 (0.45–0.63)	0.51 (0.43–0.61)
Model II, Treatment indicators by target time
Early Surgery vs Untreated	0.46 (0.38–0.57)	0.43 (0.35–0.53)^‡
Late Surgery vs Untreated	0.59 (0.49–0.71)	0.58 (0.48–0.70)^‡
Model III, Treatment indicators by target time and admission type
Early Surgery vs Untreated	0.46 (0.37–0.57)	0.42 (0.34–0.52)^§
Late Surgery vs Untreated	0.58 (0.48–0.71)	0.58 (0.48–0.70)^§
Unplanned Emergency vs Untreated	0.59 (0.39–0.90)	0.56 (0.37–0.86)

*Among 8,220 patients who were registered to undergo CABG.
^†CI denotes confidence interval.
^‡Difference between regression estimates is significant (Wald chi-square = 12.2, df = 1, P < 0.001).
^§Difference between regression estimates is significant (Wald chi-square = 12.3, df = 1, P < 0.001).
Target Time = Recommended time.

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