Table 1 Preoperative patient's characteristics and hemodynamics

Age at surgery (years)

   mean ± SD

73.1 ± 2.7

75.2 ± 3.8

74.1 ± 3.7

73.8 ± 3.2

0.031

   range

70–80

70–82

70–83

70–83

Male, n (%)

29 (56.9)

9 (40.9)

10 (45.5)

48 (51)

n.s.

BSA (m²)

1.83 ± 0.21

1.78 ± 0.19

1.84 ± 0.24

1.82 ± 0.21

n.s.

NYHA (mean ± SD)

3.06 ± 0.81

3.0 ± 0.58

2.62 ± 0.74

2.94 ± 0.75

0.007

NYHA ≥ III, n (%)

40 (78.4)

19 (86.4)

15 (68.2)

69 (72.6)

0.031

Redo, n (%)

16 (31.4)

1 (4.5)

0

17 (17.9)

0.001

Endocarditis, n (%)

4 (7.8)

1 (4.5)

0

6 (6.3)

n.s.

Ø ascending aorta (mm)

63 ± 13

62 ± 10

65 ± 13

Comorbitities, n (%)

   AF

12 (23.5)

7 (31.8)

2 (9.1)

21 (22.1)

n.s.

   MI

4 (7.8)

3 (18.1)

0

7 (7.3)

n.s.

   Ventricular arrhythmias

2 (3.9)

0

0

2 (2.1)

n.s.

   Heart failure history

24 (47.1)

8 (36.4)

4 (18.2)

36 (37.9)

n.s.

   Systemic hypertension

26 (51)

16 (72.7)

18 (81.2)

60 (63.2)

0.026

   Diabetes

5 (9.8)

3 (13.6)

3 (13.6)

11 (11.6)

n.s.

   Hyperlipidemia

9 (17.6)

9 (40.9)

7 (31.8)

25 (26.3)

n.s.

   Creatinine ≥ 120 μmol/L

9 (17.6)

7 (31.8)

2 (9.1)

17 (17.9)

n.s.

   COPD

9 (17.6)

5 (22.7)

2 (9.1)

16 (16.8)

n.s.

   Stroke

1 (1.9)

3 (13.6)

2 (9.1)

6 (6.3)

n.s.

   TIA/PRIND

2 (3.9)

1 (4.5)

0

4 (3.1)

n.s.

Hemodynamics

   LVEF (%)

56.8 ± 11.5

58.6 ± 13.3

60.7 ± 13.8

58.3 ± 12.5

n.s.

   LVEDP (mmHG)

17.2 ± 9.4

15.1 ± 6.2

15.7 ± 6.9

16.4 ± 8.2

n.s.

   mean PAP (mmHG)

25.6 ± 9.6

26.8 ± 11

21 ± 6

24.8 ± 9.4

n.s.

   CI (L×min^-1 ×m^-2)

2.7 ± 1.5

2.4 ± 0.5

2.7 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 0.9

n.s.

   mean RAP (mmHG)

5.9 ± 3.8

7.8 ± 3.3

6.9 ± 3.1

6.7 ± 3.5

n.s.