Figure 1

(a, upper ) CT scan of patient #1 prior to EBV insertion showing extensive emphysematous changes and bullae in the underlying lung, a large left pneumothorax and the inserted chest tube. (b, lower) The airleak via the chest drain stopped immediately after EBV placements to occlude all upper lobe segments. The drain was removed. CXR on day 3 post-EBV insertion showed an incomplete expansion (but not total collapse) of the left upper lobe, which eventually re-expanded after bronchoscopic removal of the EBVs six weeks afterwards.