LVH
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In patients with AS, preoperative DD is attributable to hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy- fibrosis, and/or to ischemia [64].
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CAD
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Patients with CAD are prone for the development of postoperative myocardial diastolic dysfunction [39]. Left ventricular filling abnormalities have been detected in as many as 90% of patients [39]. Possible related factors that were considered were ischemia, hypertrophy, and hypertension [79].
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DM
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All insulin--dependent diabetes mellitus patients with left diastolic dysfunction had evidence of definite autonomic neuropathy [80]. Moreover, diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy form a subgroup of particularly high mortality and cardiovascular event risk [81, 82].
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Age
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Aging is correlated to DD through an increase upon wall thickness (secondary to enlargement of cardiac myocytes), and changes in the vasculature, the diameter, and vascular stiffness of the aorta and large arteries [83]. Up to 60% of geriatric patients with normal EF, following non-cardiac surgery, had been postoperatively diagnosed with diastolic dysfunction [35].
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