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Table 1 Baseline and peroperative characteristics.

From: Insulin resistance, adiponectin and adverse outcomes following elective cardiac surgery: a prospective follow-up study

 

Total sample

HOMA

Adiponectin

Clinical features

N = 836

r

p -value

r

p -value

Male gender

607 (73)

0.14

< 0.01

-0.32

< 0.01

Age (years)

68 [59-75]

-0.06

0.08

0.15

< 0.01

BMI (kg/(m)2)

27 [24-30]

0.50

< 0.01

-0.38

< 0.01

Current smoker

147 (18)

< 0.01

0.99

-0.06

0.09

Hypertension

465 (56)

0.05

0.18

-0.02

0.50

EF < 50%

177 (21)

< 0.01

0.87

-0.02

0.48

MI

192 (23)

0.12

< 0.01

-0.15

< 0.01

Stroke

79 (9)

0.06

0.06

0.03

0.33

EuroSCORE

4.4 [2.2-7.8]

-0.15

< 0.01

0.29

< 0.01

Charlson Index

 

0.05

0.18

0.07

0.05

Low

285 (34)

    

Medium

432 (52)

    

High

119 (14)

    

Paraclinic

     

Creatinine (mmol/liter)

81 [68-98]

0.03

0.33

< 0.01

0.99

UACR (mg/mmol)

0.7 [0.1-1.8]

-0.05

0.13

0.16

< 0.01

Microalbuminuria

146 (18)

-0.08

0.02

0.20

< 0.01

eGFR (ml/minute)

81 [61-105]

0.23

< 0.01

-0.33

< 0.01

Glucose (mmol/liter)

5.4 [5.1-5.8]

0.52

< 0.01

-0.19

< 0.01

Fructosamine (μmol/liter)

230 [213-246]

0.02

0.61

0.21

< 0.01

Insulin (pmol/liter)

44 [30-71]

0.99

< 0.01

-0.42

< 0.01

HOMA

1.6 [1.0-2.6]

  

-0.42

< 0.01

Adiponectin (mg/liter)

8.0 [5.6-11.7]

-0.42

< 0.01

  

Medicine

     

RAS inhibitors*

297 (36)

0.08

0.02

-0.01

0.62

Beta blockers

521 (62)

0.14

< 0.01

-0.22

< 0.01

Statins

526 (63)

0.16

< 0.01

-0.23

< 0.01

Antiplatelets

337 (40)

0.08

0.02

-0.06

0.07

Procedure

     

Bypass alone

326 (39)

0.16

< 0.01

-0.34

< 0.01

Valve alone

258 (31)

-0.12

< 0.01

0.22

< 0.01

Bypass & Valve

131 (16)

0.01

0.81

0.08

0.02

Others

121 (14)

-0.07

0.03

0.10

< 0.01

Procedure related

     

ECC (minutes)

91 [68-124]

-0.04

0.19

0.14

< 0.01

CCT (minutes)

57 [40-79]

-0.08

0.01

0.20

< 0.01

  1. Data are presented as medians [interquartile range] or absolute numbers (%)
  2. r is the correlation coefficient
  3. * Includes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor antagonists
  4. AF - Atrial fibrillation or flutter; BMI - Body mass index; CCT - Cross clamp time; ECC - Extra corporal circulation; eGFR - Estimated glomerular filtration rate; EF - Ejection fraction; HOMA - Homeostasis model assessment; Kg - Kilogram; M - Meter; MI - Myocardial infarction; UACR - Urinary albumin creatinine ratio; RAS - Renin angiotensin system