From: Outcomes of single-stage total arch replacement via clamshell incision
Type of morbidity | No. of patients |
---|---|
Exploration for bleeding | 2 (5%) |
Acute myocardial infarction | 1 (3%) |
Low cardiac output | 6 (16%) |
Renal dysfunction requiring dialysis | 3 (8%) |
Gastrointestinal bleeding or ischemia | 2 (5%) |
Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus | 0 (0%) |
Pneumonia or atelectasis | 4 (11%) |
Wound infection | 0 (0%) |
Sepsis | 1 (3%) |
Paraplegia | 0 (0%) |
Vocal cord paralysis | 0 (0%) |
Temporary tracheostomy | 2 (5%) |
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy | 2 (5%) |
Transient neurological dysfunction | Â |
   Delirium | 2 (5%) |
   Convulsion | 1 (3%) |
Permanent neurological dysfunction | Â |
   Cerebral infarction | 1 (3%) |
   Cerebral hemorrhage | 0 (0%) |