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Figure 5 | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Figure 5

From: The effectiveness of rigid pericardial endoscopy for minimally invasive minor surgeries: cell transplantation, epicardial pacemaker lead implantation, and epicardial ablation

Figure 5

Applications for epicardial ablation. The rigid pericardial endoscope-assisted Maze procedure was evaluated. A: in the right lateral recumbent position, the left atrial appendage (LAA) was confirmed. B: By avoiding LAA by a guide wire, the ostium of the left pulmonary vein (LPV) was identified. C: The connection of the left atrium and the ostium of the LPV was securely clamped by forceps without major injury. D1: first diagonal branch; LAA: left atrial appendage; LPV: left pulmonary vein.

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