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Table 1 The summery of the causes of the string-sign and the applied investigations for confirmation of the competitive flow

From: Various clinical scenarios leading to development of the string sign of the internal thoracic artery after coronary bypass surgery: the role of competitive flow, a case series

Cases

CABG

QCA stenosis % in the LAD proximally to the LIMA anastomosis

Cause of the competitive flow

Proof of the competitive flow

1

LIMA-LAD

SVGA-RCA

48%

Non- significant LAD lesion + patent LIMA side branch

angiogram

2

LIMA-LAD

RIMA-RCA

53%

Non-significant LAD lesion

angiogram +

FFR = 0.83

3

LIMA-LAD

SVGA-LCx

57%

Non-significant LAD lesion

angiogram +

FFR = 0.89

4

1st: LIMA-LAD, SVGA-1st OM, SVGA-RCA

2nd: rad-LAD, rad-LAD,

SVGA-RCA

100%

The concomitant radial graft to the LAD

angiogram

5

LIMA-LAD, SVGA-1st diag., SVGA-1st OM, SVGA-RCA

31% (87% before the operation)

Regression of the LAD lesion

angiogram

6

LIMA-diag-LAD, rad-LCx, rad-RCA

62% (83% before the operation)

Non-significant lesion on the diagonal branch

angiogram