From: Potential biomarkers for predicting outcomes in CABG cardiothoracic surgeries
Gene biomarker | Description | Increased/Decreased/Remained constant after surgery |
---|---|---|
S-TnT | Part of the troponin complex | Increased to 1.26 μg/L1 day after surgery; decreased to .52 μg/L 4 days after surgery [33] |
NSE | Enzyme; levels increase after brain damage | Rises to 20.2Â ng/mL postoperatively but returns to normal levels 48Â h postop [44] |
HSP 70 | Helps with protein folding and transport | Increased to about 2000Â pg/mL during surgery but decreased to 0 by 19Â hrs postop [45] |
TLRs | Signaling receptors for HSPs | Decreased during operation but increased postop [45] |
TNF-α | Quantity correlated to the quantity of HSP70 | Increased in both MUF and non-MUF groups during surgery; normalized 24 h postop [40] |
IL-1ra | Inflammatory cytokine | Clear rise in both MUF and non-MUF groups. Reached peak 6Â hrs postop in both groups but returned to baseline levels 12Â hrs postop in MUF group, while staying at a higher level in the non-MUF group [40] |
IL-8 | Neutrophil chemotactic and activating factor | Levels did not change much in group with SIRS but increased to about 46Â pg/mL in the group with MODS and continued to decrease after [46] |
IL-18 | Induce chemokines. Involved in inflammatory response following extracorporeal circulation | Remained constant in group with SIRS but increased to 300Â pg/mL 1Â day postop and remained about that level in group with MODS [46] |
IL-1β | Biologically inactive precursor molecule | In the MUF group, IL-1β rose to max levels post-op. Fell significantly post-op and remained at these levels. IL-1β levels remained constant [40] |
IL-6 | Quantity correlated to the quantity of HSP70 | Levels rose after surgery to about 100Â pg/mL and remained through days 1 and 2 after surgery [47] |