Figure 4From: Intracellular lactate signaling cascade in atrial remodeling of mitral valvular patients with atrial fibrillation The proteins expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in RAA tissues. (A) Representative cyto c, cleaved-caspase 9, cleaved-caspase 3 and GAPDH immunoblotting were shown in NC, SR, PaAF and PeAF groups. The different levels of cyto c/GAPDH (B), cleaved-caspase 9/GAPDH (C), cleaved-caspase 3/GAPDH (D) were determined respectively among above-mentioned groups. Back to article page