Figure 2

SVST/TECAB surgical sequence. a) The port access position in the third, fifth and seventh interspaces. b) The operating surgeon controls the robotic arms from the console. c) The Left internal mammary artery is harvested using the Da Vinci robot. d) Pericardotomy is performed to expose the targeted left anterior descending artery. Then the coronary anastomosis is performed either e) through a small left thoracotomy (SVST) or f) totally endoscopically (TECAB).