From: Pacemaker lead malposition in the left atrial roof is masked by normal pacing thresholds
 |  | Before revision | After revision | Normal ranges |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sensing | P-wave | 6.4 - 6.9 mV | 2.1 mV | ≥1.5 mV |
R-wave | 9.1 - 14.7 mV | 14.6 mV | ≥5.0 mV | |
Impedance (bipolar) | Atrial | 760 Ω | 461 Ω | 400 - 1000 Ω |
Ventricular | 526 Ω | 861 Ω | 400 - 1000 Ω | |
Threshold | Atrial | 0.4Â V at 0.4Â ms | 0.6Â V at 0.5Â ms | <1Â V at 0.5Â ms |
Ventricular | 0.5Â V at 0.4Â ms | 0.5Â V at 0.5Â ms | <1Â V at 0.5Â ms |