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Table 5 Multivariate analyses to identify factors independently associated with recurrence in each group

From: Long-term outcomes after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy versus lobectomy via open thoracotomy for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer

a. VATS group

   

Variable

Hazard ratio

95% CI.

p

pN0

015

0.043-0.516

0.0026

Negative pla

0.389

0.111-1.369

0.1415

b. Thoracotomy group

   

Variable

Hazard ratio

95% CI.

p

pN0

0.243

0.049-1.210

0.0841

Negative pla

0.077

0.005-1.186

0.0986

Negative lyb

0.363

0.067-1.973

0.2407

Negative vc

0.893

0.138-5.764

0.9057

  1. apl: pleural invasion, bly: lymphatic involvement, cv: vascular involvement.