Table 1 Pre-operative characteristics and type of surgery across the four age strata

Age (year)

40.6 ± 8.9

58.5 ± 4.1

72.4 ± 4.3

83.1 ± 2.4

<0.001

Male (%)

71.5%

80.9%

74.7%

73.0%

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

42.9%

77.6%

84.3%

86.0%

<0.001

Hyperlipidemia (%)

64.5%

94.9%

94.0%

90.9%

<0.001

Diabetes (%)

14.9%

33.8%

34.0%

26.1%

<0.001

Previous MI (%)

32.3%

50.7%

51.7%

53.8%

<0.001

CHF (%)

12.0%

11.7%

17.8%

24.5%

<0.001

PVD (%)

2.7%

6.7%

11.6%

11.8%

<0.001

Stroke (%)

7.0%

8.9%

16.3%

21.8%

<0.001

CRF on dialysis (%)

2.4%

1.3%

1.5%

0.4%

0.028

Malignancy (%)

1.3%

2.0%

5.6%

7.2%

<0.001

BMI

29.4 ± 5.8

30.1 ± 5.9

28.8 ± 5.1

26.8 ± 4.5

<0.001

Re-operation (%)

21.5%

6.4%

6.9%

4.5%

<0.001

Re-op adult congenital (%)

10.2%

0.3%

0.1%

0.0%

<0.001

Pre-op Cr (μmol/L)

108.1 ± 107.1

103.1 ± 79.0

112.1 ± 83.7

109.3 ± 39.5

0.04

Type of Surgery

CABG

42.0%

73.2%

67.8%

52.4%

<0.001

AVR

16.0%

5.0%

4.4%

3.9%

<0.001

MVR

15.6%

5.8%

5.3%

4.4%

<0.001

Combined surgery

9.8%

12.6%

21.2%

36.3%

<0.001

AVR + CABG

1.2%

4.6%

11.1%

24.3%

<0.001

MVR + CABG

1.3%

4.1%

5.5%

5.0%

<0.001

2 or more valves

7.3%

3.9%

4.6%

7.0%

<0.001

PVR/TVR

10.6%

1.0%

0.5%

0.0%

<0.001

Others

6.0%

2.3%

0.8%

1.3%

<0.001

CPB time (min)

123.0 ± 62.1

115.9 ± 52.4

123.9 ± 55.2

129.6 ± 55.3

<0.001

Cross Clamp time (min)

79.1 ± 54.9

78.7 ± 44.3

85.8 ± 47.9

92.0 ± 48.4

<0.001

off-pump surgery

9.6%

1.3%

0.9%

0.4%

<0.001