Figure 3

The in-plane and the through-plane velocities at aortic root. The in-plane velocity projected on the cross section area of aortic root (vectors) and the through-plane velocity (color contours) are visualized for subject Normal #1 (top) and Patient #1 (bottom). Although the in-plane flow is organized in the orifice area in both subjects, the BioValsalva™ patient is more likely to have swirl near the edge of orifice area.