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Table 4 Comparison of clinical characteristics between Survivors and Nonsurvivors

From: Risk factors and outcome analysis after surgical management of ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective analysis

Variable

Survivors (N = 30)

Nonsurvivors (N = 17)

p value

Multi-varible p

Demographics

    

 Age, years

68.0 ± 7.9

70.5 ± 11.9

0.402

 

 Male sex

18(60%)

10(58.8%)

0.937

 

 Body weight

62 ± 10.4

63.4 ± 10.0

0.661

 

Comorbidities

    

 Hypertension

21(70%)

8(47.1%)

0.120

 

 Diabetes mellitus

15(50%)

6(35.3%)

0.330

 

 Smoking

7(23.3%)

7(41.2%)

0.199

 

 Dialysis

2(6.7%)

2(11.8%)

0.547

 

 Estimated Creatinine Clearance Rate

45.9 ± 18.2

41.3 ± 24.6

0.467

 

 History of Cerebrovascular accident

4(13.3%)

3(17.6%)

0.690

 

Acuity

    

 Pre-operative mechical support

    

  IABP

20(66.7%)

14(82.4)

0.248

 

  ECMO

4(13.3%)

2(11.8%)

0.877

 

 Prodromal Angina

21(70%)

8(47.1%)

0.120

 

 Killip class

    

  I

4(13.3%)

2(11.8%)

0.877

 

  II

5(16.7%)

2(11.8%)

0.650

 

  III

9(30%)

6(35.3%)

0.708

 

  IV

12(40%)

7(41.2%)

0.937

 

 Coronary artery disease

    

  1-V-D

12(40%)

4(23.5%)

0.252

 

  2-V-D

4(13.3%)

6(35.3%)

0.077

 

  3-V-D

14(46.7%)

7(41.2%)

0.716

 

 LV Ejection fraction

51 ± 13.7

36.6 ± 6.4

0.001

0.00.3

 Cardiac emzyme

    

  CK

1436.4 ± 1287.2

1324.3 ± 1116.5

0.784

 

  CK-MB

129.3 ± 142.6

95.2 ± 99.5

0.425

 

 EuroSCORE II

22.9 ± 14.9

38.3 ± 13.9

0.001

0.183

Revascularization

    

 PCI

11(36.7%)

6(35.3%)

0.925

 

 Thrombolysis

7(23.3%)

5(29.4%)

0.646

 

AMI/VSD characteristics

    

 Anterior MI

27(90%)

15(88.2%)

0.850

 

 Apical rupture

24(80%)

12(70.6%)

0.464

 

 Ventricular Aneurysm

15(50%)

5(29.4%)

0.17

 

 Qp/Qs

2.8 ± 1.6

3.2 ± 1.68

0.538

 

Operative characteristics

    

 Repair from MI, days

7.8 ± 12.5

3.7 ± 3.7

0.190

 

 Emergency surgery

24(80%)

17(100%)

0.048

0.093

 Concomitant CABG

16(53.3%)

11(64.7%)

0.449

 

 CPB time

189.1 ± 44.2

205.7 ± 64.2

0.364

 

 AXC time

109.1 ± 44.0

122.7 ± 54.6

0.424

 

Cohort effect (2007-2013)

15(50%)

3(17.6%)

0.028

0.649

Post-opearative outcome

    

 Cerebrovascular accident

2(6.7%)

3(17.6%)

0.241

 

 Renal replacement therapy

8(28.6%)

13(86.7%)

0.001

0.001

 Pneumonia

11(36.7%)

9(52.9%)

0.278

 

 Heart block

5(16.7%)

2(11.8%)

0.650

 

 Reexploration for bleeding

4(13.3%)

7(41.2%)

0.030

0.322

 Residual VSD

9(30%)

7(41.2%)

0.437

 
  1. Abbreviations: IABP intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; V-D vessel disease; CK creatinine kinase; CK-MB creatinine kinase MB fraction; EuroSCORE II European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation II; Qp/Qs ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; MI myocardial infarction; CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB cardiopulmonary bypass; AXC aortic cross-clamp; VSD ventricular septal defect.
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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

ISSN: 1749-8090

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