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Table 1 Comparison of demographics and perioperative course of cases and controls

From: Outcomes of post-cardiac surgery patients with persistent hyperlactatemia in the intensive care unit: a matched cohort study

 

Cases (n = 144)

Controls (n = 280)

p-value

Preoperative characteristics

   

 Gender (male)

93 (64.6 %)

181 (64.6 %)

1.00

 Age (years)

70 (43–89)

70 (42–89)

0.81

 Parsonnet score

18.3 (0–49.0)

16.5 (0–52.5)

0.28

 Renal failurea

22 (15.3 %)

29 (10.4 %)

0.16

 Severe peripheral vascular disease

13 (9 %)

17 (6.1 %)

0.32

 Cardiogenic shockb

5 (3.5 %)

1 (0.4 %)

0.02

 Preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump

16 (11.1 %)

10 (3.6 %)

0.004

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasec

10 (6.9 %)

48 (17.1 %)

0.004

 Diabetesd

38 (26.4 %)

103 (36.8 %)

0.04

Postoperative characteristics

   

 Peak lactate (mmol/L)

4.6 (3.0–18.0)

2.1 (0.8–2.9)

<0.0001

 Peak serum creatinine level (mmol/L)

127 (66–840)

100 (39–1013)

<0.0001

 Intra-aortic balloon pump

29 (20.1 %)

14 (5 %)

<0.0001

 Computed tomography chest /abdomen

4 (2.8 %)

0

0.01

 Return to operating room

22 (15.3 %)

5 (1.8 %)

<0.0001

 Cardiogenic shock

9 (6.3 %)

2 (0.7 %)

0.002

 Post-operative cardiac hemorrhage

9 (6.3 %)

4 (1.4 %)

0.01

 Acute kidney injury (AKIN 1)

68 (50.4 %)

73 (26.8 %)

<0.0001

 Ischemic bowel

1 (0.7 %)

0

0.34

Length of ICU admission (days)

3 (1–96)

1 (1–29)

<0.0001

ICU readmission

12 (8.3 %)

13 (4.7 %)

0.13

Mechanical ventilation (days)

0.89 (0.14–75.5)

0.50 (0.09–11.9)

<0.0001

Mortality

15 (10.4 %)

4 (1.4 %)

<0.0001

  1. Cases presented with peak lactate ≥3.0 mmol/L in the postoperative ICU admission while controls had a peak lactate <3.0 mmol/L. Data is expressed as: number of patients (frequency in percentage) or median (range)
  2. aAcute or chronic renal failure
  3. bWith urinary output <10 cc/hr
  4. cChronic obstructive pulmonary disease on medical treatment
  5. dDiabetes on insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents