Table 1 In vivo effective orifice area values (cm²) corresponding to each valve

 CarboMedics Orbis Universal Valve

517(59.5)

1

1.2

1.5

1.7

2

2.5

2.6

2.7

[19]

 ATS Open Pivot 500FA (size, mm)

10(1.2)

0.6 (16)

1

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.5

3.1

[15]

 ATS Open Pivot AP360 (size, mm)

2(0.2)

1.2 (16)

1.5 (18)

1.7 (20)

2.1 (22)

2.5 (24)

3.1 (26)

[20]

 St. Jude Regent Valve

40(4.6)

1.2

1.6

2

2.2

2.5

3.6

4.4

[21]

 St. Jude Master Series

90(10.4)

1

1.2

1.5

2.0

2.6

3.1

[22]

 Hancock II Procine Bioprosthesis

120(13.8)

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.6

[19]

 Mosaic Procine Bioprosthetic Valve

4(0.5)

1.1

1.2

1.4

1.7

1.8

2

[23]

 St. Jude Biocor Stented Tissue Valve

47(5.4)

1.3

1.6

1.8

2

[24]

 Carpentier-Ed PERIMOUNT

32(3.7)

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.8

2.1

2.2

[19]

 Carpentier-Ed PERIMOUNT MAGNA

7(0.8)

1.3

1.7

2.1

2.3

[24]

PPM rate of each valve sizes

81.2%

52.6%

19.1%

10.7%

4.6%

3.3%

0%

0%