Fig. 4

Biochemical valves characterization. a: Table of representative histologic microphotographs of the three parts (muscle/leaflet and wall) of NPV (first column), DPV (second column) and DDPV (third column) after trichrome staining. Scale bar: 100 μm. Note reduction of blue staining (GAGs) in treated leaflets (*: DPV leaflet and **: DDPV leaflet) while coloration of wall in the different conditions are quite similar. b: Quantification of staining area for Sirius red (collagen), Miller (elastin) and Alcian blue (GAGs) /analyzed tissue area in muscle (first line) /leaflet (second line) and wall (third line) of NPV, DPV and DDPV after trichrome staining. *: p < 0.05