Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of the cohort and across grades of diastolic function
From: Diastolic dysfunction is common and predicts outcome after cardiac surgery
Diastolic grade (N) | Total (577) | Grade 0 (155) | Grade 1 (179) | Grade 2 (203) | Grade 3 (40) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 66 (58–74) | 62 (53–69) | 66 (58–75) | 70 (60–78) | 69.5 (61–78.5) | 0.0001 |
Timing of echo pre-op (days) | 4 (1.5–10) | 2.5 (1–8) | 3 (1.4–6.3) | 5 (2–26) | 7.1 (2.3–13.2) | 0.0001 |
Female sex | 160 (27.7%) | 25 (16%) | 46 (26%) | 80 (39%) | 9 (23%) | 0.0001 |
Height (cm) | 172.7 (165–179) | 175.3 (167.6–180.3) | 172.7 (165–180.3) | 170.2 (162.6–177.8) | 172.7 (162.6–179.1) | 0.0003 |
Weight (kg) | 84.8 (74.5–98.1) | 85.3 (74–96) | 83.9 (74.5–94.4) | 86 (75.2–103.3) | 84.3 (72.5–102) | 0.4 |
Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 28.6 (25.5–32.6) | 27.7 (25.3–31.2) | 28.3 (25.2–31.9) | 29.9 (26.5–35.0) | 29.4 (25.4–32.8) | 0.001 |
E (cm/s) | 80.5 (64.2–98.7) | 76.9 (66–90.8) | 62.8 (51.4–72) | 96.7 (82.2–112) | 115.5 (96.4–134) | 0.0001 |
A (cm/s) | 79.5 (64.4–97.2) | 71.4 (61.2–87.1) | 78.5 (65.8–89.3) | 95.4 (75.5–116) | 39.9 (32.2–54.6) | 0.0001 |
Decel time (ms) | 222 (188–269) | 220 (187–259) | 235 (202–288) | 226 (191–272) | 156 (130–191.5) | 0.0001 |
LVEF (%) | 55 (45–60) | 60 (55–65) | 55 (45–60) | 55 (40–60) | 30 (22.5–50) | 0.0001 |
e’ (cm/s) | 6.1 (4.9–7.3) | 8.1 (7.4–9.4) | 5.9 (5–6.7) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 5.1 (4.4–6.2) | 0.0001 |
E/e’ ratio | 12.6 (9.6–17.1) | 9.1 (7.7–11.1) | 11 (9.3–12.1) | 17.9 (15.8–22.8) | 23.1 (18.0–27.6) | 0.0001 |
Septal thickness (cm) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.0003 |
Posterior wall thickness (cm) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.0001 |
End-diastolic diameter (cm) | 4.6 (4.2–5.1) | 4.6 (4.2–4.9) | 4.6 (4.1–5.0) | 4.7 (4.2–5.2) | 5.4 (5.0–5.9) | 0.0001 |
Prior MI | 223 (38.7%) | 44 (28%) | 71 (40%) | 92 (45%) | 16 (40%) | 0.01 |
Prior heart failure | 228 (39.5%) | 40 (26%) | 57 (32%) | 100 (49%) | 31 (78%) | 0.0001 |
Prior arrhythmia | 24 (4.2%) | 3 (2%) | 8 (4%) | 10 (5%) | 3 (8%) | 0.3 |
Diabetes | 244 (42.3%) | 47 (30%) | 59 (33%) | 116 (57%) | 22 (55%) | 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 324 (56.1%) | 77 (50%) | 98 (55%) | 126 (62%) | 23 (58%) | 0.1 |
Moderate or worse chronic lung disease | 28 (4.9%) | 5 (3%) | 11 (6%) | 10 (5%) | 2 (5) | 0.7 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 67 (11.6%) | 12 (8%) | 14 (8%) | 33 (16%) | 8 (20%) | 0.008 |
Creatinine | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.3 (1.0–2.3) | 0.0001 |
Procedure | 0.0001 | |||||
CAB alone | 446 (77.3%) | 10 (6%) | 19 (11%) | 52 (26%) | 13 (33%) | |
AVR alone | 94 (16.3%) | 138 (89%) | 153 (85%) | 132 (65%) | 23 (57%) | |
CAB-AVR | 37 (6.4%) | 7 (5%) | 7 (4%) | 19 (9%) | 4 (10%) | |
Post-op creatinine | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | 1.7 (1.2–2.9) | 0.0001 |
Acute kidney injury (> 2× increase in creatinine) | 35 (6%) | 8 (5%) | 7 (4%) | 19 (9%) | 1 (3%) | 0.09 |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 10 (8–15) | 9 (7–13) | 10 (8–14) | 11 (7–17) | 20.5 (12.5–24) | 0.0001 |
Reintubation | 16 (2.8%) | 4 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 7 (3%) | 0 | 0.7 |
ICU readmission | 24 (4.2%) | 7 (5%) | 4 (2%) | 10 (5%) | 3 (8%) | 0.4 |
Prolonged ventilation > 24 h | 46 (8%) | 6 (4%) | 11 (6%) | 22 (11%) | 7 (18%) | 0.009 |
AF | 103 (17.9%) | 29 (19%) | 25 (14%) | 39 (19%) | 10 (25%) | 0.3 |
In-hospital mortality | 17 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 0 | 11 (5%) | 3 (8%) | 0.004 |