Table 2 Frequency and association of patient demographics, clinical characteristics and underlying disease severity with HRG at the time of presentation of IE patients admitted at AKUH 2015–2017 (n = 36)

Mean Age

–

–

Gender: Male

0.501

0.838 (0.490–1.432)

 •Definite

0.361

1.179 (0.844–1.645)

 •Probable

0.361

0.524 (0.122–2.240)

Acute clinical presentation

0.270

0.655 (0.294–1.457)

Sub-acute presentation

0.270

1.414 (0.775–2.581)

Positive culture

0.126

0.786 (0.550–1.122)

Pure culture growth

0.091

1.222 (1.004–1.488)

Rheumatic heart disease

0.090

Prosthetic heart valve / cardiac implants

–

–

Congenital heart disease

0.201

1.886 (0.708–5.022)

 Signs of thromboembolism^a

0.236

0.449(0.108–1.860)

 Sepsis

0.137

0.262 (0.951–1.714)

 Multi organ dysfunction

0.837

0.898 (0.321–2.514)

 Rash /splinter hemorrhage

0.091

–

 •Previous history of infective endocarditis

0.204

–

 •Murmur

0.149

0.393 (0.920–1.972)

 •Raised infectious markers

0.837

0.786 (0.078–7.876)

Radiologic evidence on Echocardiography

 •Vegetation

0.048

1.45 (1.03–2.066)

 •Mitral valve prolapse

0.149

–

 •Peri-annular abscess

0.956

1.048 (0.199–5.504)

 •Valve perforation / dehiscence

0.740

1.571 (0.107–23.140)

 •Portal hypertension

–

 •Aortic regurgitation

0.878

0.943 (0.442–2.013)

 •Mitral regurgitation

0.837

0.898 (0.321–2.514)

 •Pulmonary regurgitation

0.068^a

–