Variable | Study group (n = 91) | Matched patients (n = 113) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Preoperative characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 65.4 (25–68) | 65.4 (29–84) | 0.99 |
Gender (M) | 60 (65%) | 73 (64%) | 0.13 |
Height (cm) | 163 (147–184) | 163 (143–192) | 0.64 |
Weight (kg) | 72.31 (48.8–114) | 74 (44.2–135.5) | 0.39 |
BMI | 27.07 (17.5–41.7) | 27.5 (16–43.06) | 0.52 |
BSA | 1.8 (1.43–2.32) | 1.82 (1.35–2.58) | 0.35 |
Diabetes | 32 (35%) | 31 (27%) | 0.36 |
Hypertension | 66 (72%) | 85 (75%) | 0.64 |
Dyslipidemia | 34 (37%) | 45 (40%) | 0.66 |
Chronic Renal Failure | 10 (11%) | 12 (10%) | 1 |
Smoking | Â | Â | 0.94 |
 Nonsmoker | 49 (54%) | 55 (49%) |  |
 Current smoker | 15 (16%) | 25 (22%) |  |
 Former smoker | 27 (30%) | 33 (29%) |  |
Family history of stroke | 19 (21%) | 29 (26%) | 0.52 |
Bilateral ICA stenosis < 50% | 52 (57%) | 9 (8%) | <.001 |
Bilateral ICA stenosis of any grade | 63 (69%) | 17 (15%) | <.001 |
Surgical Procedure | |||
CABG | 25/91 (27%) | 29/113 (26%) | 0.77 |
Valve operations | 14/91 (15%) | 26/113 (23%) | 0.17 |
Aortic valve repair/replacement | 5 | 12 | Â |
 Mitral valve repair/replacement | 9 | 14 |  |
 Complex procedures | 16/91 (18%) | 28/113 (24%) | 0.21 |
CABG + Aortic surgery | 4 | 7 | Â |
 Combined aortic, mitral and tricuspid valve | 4 | 9 |  |
 Heart transplantation | 3 | 7 |  |
 LVAD | 3 | 3 |  |
 Left ventricular aneurysmectomy | 1 | 1 |  |
 Repair of post-infarction VSD | 1 | 1 |  |
 Aortic procedures | 24/91 (27%) | 25/113 (22%) | 0.48 |
Ascending aorta surgery | 5 | 7 | Â |
 Aortic arch surgery | 2 | 5 |  |
 Combined procedure | 10 | 7 |  |
 Aortic root surgery | 3 | 3 |  |
 Valve operation + Aortic procedure | 3 | 1 |  |
 CABG + Aortic procedure | 1 | 2 |  |
 Re-do Operation | 12/91 (13%) | 5/113 (5%) | 0.02 |
Surgical Details | |||
CBP time (minutes) | 111.11 (0–257) | 99.12 (0–257) | 0.10 |
Aortic clamp time (minutes) | 77.67 (0–216) | 71.47 (0–197) | 0.28 |
Hypothermic circulatory arrest | 25 (27%) | 17 (15%) | 0.02 |
On-pump CABG with beating heart | 7 (7%) | 3 (3%) | 0.10 |
Off-pump CABG | 4 (4%) | 6 (5%) | 0.2 |
Number of distal anastomoses (from 1 to 5) | 40 (44%) | 44 (39%) | 0.3 |
Intraoperative hemofiltration | 3 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.07 |
Complicated weaning from CPB | 12 (13%) | 5 (4%) | 0.02 |
Cardioplegia delivery | |||
 Anterograde | 70 (77%) | 86 (76%) | 0.12 |
 None | 11 (12%) | 9 (8%) | |
 Anterograde+selective | 7 (8%) | 12 (11%) | |
Anterograde+ retrograde | 3 (3%) | 6 (5%) | |
Cardioplegia carrier | |||
 Crystalloid | 8 (10%) | 3 (3%) | 0.02 |
 Blood | 72 (90%) | 110 (97%) | |
Cardiac rhythm at sternal closure | |||
 Sinus | 37 (41%) | 61 (54%) | 0.04 |
 Non sinus (AF, AVB, PM) | 54 (59%) | 52 (46%) | |
 Defibrillation required at weaning | 23 (25%) | 23 (20%) | 0.31 |
 Surgery time (minutes) | 152.24 (21–368) | 132.08 (35–660) | 0.07 |
Intra-aortic balloon pump | 9 (10%) | 9 (8%) | 0.62 |
Post-operative data | |||
Severe hypotension | 20 (22%) | 25 (22%) | 0.86 |
Need for vasoactive drugs | 55 (60%) | 54 (48%) | 0.03 |
Transfusion of red blood cells (units) | 2 (2–15) | 1.6 (0–22) | 0.26 |
Transfusion of plasma (units) | 1.75 (0–18) | 1.34 (0–27) | 0.32 |
Transfusion of platelets (units) | 3.1 (0–22) | 2.34 (0–20) | 0.21 |