Fig. 1

Axial (a) and coronal (b) views of the chest computed tomogram. The tumor (arrowhead) was in the thoracic outlet and adjacent to the right brachiocephalic artery and right subclavian vein. Intraoperative findings with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) (c) and the transmanubrial osteomuscular sparing approach (TMA) (d). The tumor was safely resected through the dual approach of VATS and TMA after encircling the right brachiocephalic artery (arrow)