From: Outcomes of early versus delayed initiation of extracorporeal life support in cardiac surgery
Variable | Entire cohort prior matching | Propensity-matched cohort | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delayed (n = 46) | Early (n = 127) | P value | Delayed (n = 36) | Early (n = 36) | P value | |
Age (year) | 59.11 ± 15.81 | 63.81 ± 15.64 | 0.08 | 57.31 ± 16.90 | 61.17 ± 12.22 | 0.27 |
Gender (male) | 24, 52.17% | 71, 55.91% | 0.66 | 19, 52.78% | 24, 66.67% | 0.23 |
Weight (kg) | 72.22 ± 8.03 | 73.02 ± 8.21 | 0.57 | 71.92 ± 8.27 | 72.31 ± 8.31 | 0.84 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.09 ± 3.46 | 25.21 ± 3.61 | 0.85 | 24.89 ± 3.44 | 24.75 ± 4.13 | 0.88 |
NYHA class | 0.81 | 0.94 | ||||
I and II (n,%) | 4, 8.70% | 13, 10.24% | 3, 8.33% | 4, 11.11% | ||
III and IV (n,%) | 42, 91.3% | 114, 89.76% | 33, 91.67% | 32, 88.89% | ||
EuroSCORE | 6.85 ± 1.03 | 7.64 ± 1.24 | < 0.01 | 6.94 ± 1.94 | 7.11 ± 1.14 | 0.53 |
Previous Medical History | ||||||
Acute Myocardial infarction (n,%) | 8, 17.39% | 24, 18.90% | 0.82 | 5, 13.89% | 8, 22.22% | 0.36 |
Arrhythmia (n,%) | 5, 19.87% | 16, 12.60% | 0.76 | 5, 13.89% | 2, 5.56% | 0.23 |
Diabetes Mellitus (n,%) | 15, 32.61% | 44, 34.65% | 0.80 | 11, 30.56% | 10, 2.78% | 0.79 |
Chronic Renal Failure (n,%) | 1, 2.17% | 4, 3.15% | 0.74 | 0 | 2, 5.56% | 0.15 |
Hyperlipidemia (n,%) | 7, 15.22% | 26, 20.47% | 0.44 | 7, 19.44% | 4, 11.11% | 0.33 |
Hypertension (n,%) | 13, 28.26% | 36, 28.35% | 0.99 | 11, 30.56% | 10, 2.78% | 0.79 |
Liver Disease (n,%) | 1, 2.17% | 0 | 0.11 | 1, 2.78% | 0 | 0.31 |
Smoking | 16, 34.78% | 42, 33.07% | 0.83 | 13, 36.11% | 11, 30.56% | 0.62 |
Excessive alcohol (n,%) | 15, 32.61% | 36, 28.35% | 0.59 | 13, 36.11% | 8, 22.22% | 0.19 |
Preoperative LVEF (%) | 42(36–52) | 43(38–52) | 0.48 | 42(36–51) | 45(40–52) | 0.17 |
Preoperative LVDd (mm) | 62.10 ± 13.27 | 58.28 ± 12.89 | 0.21 | 61.12 ± 13.19 | 57.86 ± 12.88 | 0.29 |
CPB time (minutes) | 262(211–298) | 277(237–316) | 0.07 | 262(223–306) | 264(220–320) | 0.87 |
ACC time (minutes) | 229(194–300) | 242(220–286) | 0.14 | 227(191–289) | 228(212–254) | 0.73 |
Cardiac re-operation (n,%) | 1, 2.17% | 6, 4.72% | 0.45 | 0 | 0 | – |
Cardioplegic solution | 0.50 | 0.41 | ||||
HTK (n,%) | 10, 21.74% | 34, 26.77% | 7, 19.44% | 10, 27.78% | ||
CB (n,%) | 36, 78.26% | 93, 73.23% | 29, 80.56% | 26, 72.22% | ||
Intraoperative TEE | ||||||
LVEF (%) | 43.02 ± 7.72 | 43.28 ± 8.12 | 0.85 | 44.42 ± 7.17 | 42.33 ± 7.91 | 0.25 |
LVDd (mm) | 58.59 ± 12.34 | 61.76 ± 10.70 | 0.12 | 57.19 ± 12.18 | 60.53 ± 12.73 | 0.26 |
Surgical Procedures | 0.08 | 0.42 | ||||
On-Pump CABG (n,%) | 7, 15.22% | 10, 7.87% | 4, 11.11% | 4, 11.11% | ||
Off-Pump CABG (n,%) | 1, 2.17% | 9, 7.09% | 1, 2.78% | 7, 19.44% | ||
Valves (n,%) | 16, 34.78% | 21, 16.54% | 12, 33.34% | 10, 27.78% | ||
CABG+ Valves (n,%) | 9, 19.56% | 42, 33.07% | 8, 22.22% | 3, 8.33% | ||
Aortic operation (n,%) | 13, 28.26% | 45, 35.43% | 11, 30.55% | 12, 33.34% |