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Table 1 Demographic characteristics

From: Outcomes of early versus delayed initiation of extracorporeal life support in cardiac surgery

Variable

Entire cohort prior matching

Propensity-matched cohort

Delayed

(n = 46)

Early

(n = 127)

P value

Delayed

(n = 36)

Early

(n = 36)

P value

Age (year)

59.11 ± 15.81

63.81 ± 15.64

0.08

57.31 ± 16.90

61.17 ± 12.22

0.27

Gender (male)

24, 52.17%

71, 55.91%

0.66

19, 52.78%

24, 66.67%

0.23

Weight (kg)

72.22 ± 8.03

73.02 ± 8.21

0.57

71.92 ± 8.27

72.31 ± 8.31

0.84

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.09 ± 3.46

25.21 ± 3.61

0.85

24.89 ± 3.44

24.75 ± 4.13

0.88

NYHA class

  

0.81

  

0.94

 I and II (n,%)

4, 8.70%

13, 10.24%

 

3, 8.33%

4, 11.11%

 

 III and IV (n,%)

42, 91.3%

114, 89.76%

 

33, 91.67%

32, 88.89%

 

EuroSCORE

6.85 ± 1.03

7.64 ± 1.24

< 0.01

6.94 ± 1.94

7.11 ± 1.14

0.53

Previous Medical History

 Acute Myocardial infarction (n,%)

8, 17.39%

24, 18.90%

0.82

5, 13.89%

8, 22.22%

0.36

 Arrhythmia (n,%)

5, 19.87%

16, 12.60%

0.76

5, 13.89%

2, 5.56%

0.23

 Diabetes Mellitus (n,%)

15, 32.61%

44, 34.65%

0.80

11, 30.56%

10, 2.78%

0.79

 Chronic Renal Failure (n,%)

1, 2.17%

4, 3.15%

0.74

0

2, 5.56%

0.15

 Hyperlipidemia (n,%)

7, 15.22%

26, 20.47%

0.44

7, 19.44%

4, 11.11%

0.33

 Hypertension (n,%)

13, 28.26%

36, 28.35%

0.99

11, 30.56%

10, 2.78%

0.79

 Liver Disease (n,%)

1, 2.17%

0

0.11

1, 2.78%

0

0.31

 Smoking

16, 34.78%

42, 33.07%

0.83

13, 36.11%

11, 30.56%

0.62

 Excessive alcohol (n,%)

15, 32.61%

36, 28.35%

0.59

13, 36.11%

8, 22.22%

0.19

 Preoperative LVEF (%)

42(36–52)

43(38–52)

0.48

42(36–51)

45(40–52)

0.17

 Preoperative LVDd (mm)

62.10 ± 13.27

58.28 ± 12.89

0.21

61.12 ± 13.19

57.86 ± 12.88

0.29

 CPB time (minutes)

262(211–298)

277(237–316)

0.07

262(223–306)

264(220–320)

0.87

 ACC time (minutes)

229(194–300)

242(220–286)

0.14

227(191–289)

228(212–254)

0.73

 Cardiac re-operation (n,%)

1, 2.17%

6, 4.72%

0.45

0

0

Cardioplegic solution

  

0.50

  

0.41

 HTK (n,%)

10, 21.74%

34, 26.77%

 

7, 19.44%

10, 27.78%

 

 CB (n,%)

36, 78.26%

93, 73.23%

 

29, 80.56%

26, 72.22%

 

Intraoperative TEE

 LVEF (%)

43.02 ± 7.72

43.28 ± 8.12

0.85

44.42 ± 7.17

42.33 ± 7.91

0.25

 LVDd (mm)

58.59 ± 12.34

61.76 ± 10.70

0.12

57.19 ± 12.18

60.53 ± 12.73

0.26

Surgical Procedures

  

0.08

  

0.42

 On-Pump CABG (n,%)

7, 15.22%

10, 7.87%

 

4, 11.11%

4, 11.11%

 

 Off-Pump CABG (n,%)

1, 2.17%

9, 7.09%

 

1, 2.78%

7, 19.44%

 

 Valves (n,%)

16, 34.78%

21, 16.54%

 

12, 33.34%

10, 27.78%

 

 CABG+ Valves (n,%)

9, 19.56%

42, 33.07%

 

8, 22.22%

3, 8.33%

 

 Aortic operation (n,%)

13, 28.26%

45, 35.43%

 

11, 30.55%

12, 33.34%

 
  1. NYHA New York Heart Association, CABG Coronary artery bypass grafting, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, CPB Cardiopulmonary bypass, ACC Aortic cross clamp, TEE Trans-oesophageal echocardiography, CB Cold blood cardioplegic solution, HTK Histidine-Triptophan-ketoglutalate solution, Mean ± SD, Median (Interquartile Range), LVDd Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter