Fig. 1

Relationship between change rates in heart rate reductions and stroke volume index increases for 11 patients. The following formula was used to calculate change rates: Change rate = (post-landiolol value – pre-landiolol value) / pre-landiolol value × 100 (%). Heart rate reduction showed a negative change rate. Closed circles indicate data from participants who received high-dose catecholamine support. The study treatment was considered clinically acceptable in terms of hemodynamic efficacy (one of the coprimary end points) (r = 0.7, p = 0.016). HR reduction, negative change rate of heart rate; SVI rise, change rate of stroke volume index