Table 2 The demographics and perioperative data of study patients(n = 123)

Patient population

68

38

10

7

 Age (y)

45.0 (32.5, 56.0)

52.0 (41.5, 54.0)

55.5(44.0, 64.3)

51.0 (25.0, 60.0)

 Male sex (%)

47(69.1%)

20(52.6%)

8(80%)

7(100%)

 BMI (kg/m²)

23.5 (21.1, 26.0)

22.6 (20.0, 25.6)

22.2 (21.0, 23.6)

23.7 (19.6, 25.3)

 Diabetes (%)

3(4.4%)

1(2.6%)

0

0

 Hypertension (%)

13(19.1%)

4(10.5%)

2(20.0%)

1(14.3%)

 CAD (%)

7(10.3%)

2(5.3%)

1(10.0%)

1(14.3%)

 Smoking (%)

16(23.5%)

9(23.7%)

3(30.0%)

3(42.9%)

 Deep venous embolism (%)

28(41.2%)

16(42.1%)

4(40.0%)

1(14.3%)

 Acute pulmonary embolism (%)

14(20.6%)

9(23.7%)

3(30%)

0

 History of acute thrombolysis (%)

12(17.6%)

4(10.5%)

1(10.0%)

0

 Anti-phospholipid syndrome (%)

6(8.8%)

1(2.6%)

1(10.0%)

1(14.3%)

 Preoperative serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.92 (0.82, 1.10)

0.86 (0.76, 1.04)

1.01 (0.87, 1.08)

1.13 (1.01,1.20)

 Renal insufficiency (%)

7(10.3%)

2(5.3%)

1(10.0%)

2(28.6%)

 Anteroposterior diameter of right ventricular (mm)

29.0 (25.5, 37.0)

31.0 (26.5, 39.0)

36.0 (25.0, 46.0)

46.0 (28.0, 58.0)

 Internal diameter of major pulmonary artery (mm)

29.0 (25.0, 31.8)

30.0 (24.5, 34.5)

31.5 (23.5, 37.5)

33.0 (31.0, 45.0)

 Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)

65 (60, 71)

67 (61, 73)

73 (62, 75)

67 (55, 70)

 NYHA class III

45(66.2%)

27(71.1%)

8(80.0%)

6(85.7%)

 NYHA class IV

1(1.5%)

2(5.3%)

0

1(14.3%)

 Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg)

47.0 (40.0, 60.0)

48.5 (39.8,53.5)

51.0 (47.5, 62.5)

55.0 (46.8, 62.3)

 Pulmonary vascular resistance (Wood U)

8.3 (5.4, 13.4)

7.6 (6.2, 10.1)

10.2 (6.5, 15.4)

6.8 (5.5, 14.1)

 Cardiac output (L min⁻¹)

5.0 (3.8, 5.7)

4.5 (3.9, 5.3)

3.4 (3.2, 5.3)

4.5 (3.8, 6.3)

 Preoperative platelet count (10⁹/L)

212 (173, 241)

174 (127, 219)

165 (133, 208)

194 (105, 202)

 Preexisting thrombocytopenia (platelet count< 150,109/L) (%)

11(16.2%)

9(23.7%)

3(30%)

3(42.9%)

 Preoperative hemoglobin (g/L)

149 (137, 157)

139 (113, 151)

153 (127, 158)

155 (138, 163)

 Preexisting anemia (%)

2(2.9%)

8(21.1%)

1(10%)

1(14.3%)

 Red blood cells

1(1.5%)

0

0

1(14.3%)

 Fresh frozen plasma

4(5.9%)

2(5.3%)

2(20%)

1(14.3%)

 Platelets

2(2.9%)

4(10.5%)

3(30%)

1(14.3%)

 Procedure time (min)

325 (296, 346)

332 (301, 364)

373 (313, 384)

383 (335, 468)

 CPB duration (min)

222 (187, 243)

229 (190, 256)

249 (213, 275)

252 (236, 299)

 Aortic cross-clamp time (min)

104 (89, 124)

117 (86, 131)

100 (84, 135)

136 (113, 149)

 DHCA duration (min)

37 (20, 45)

41 (31, 48)

36 (27, 49)

47 (36, 58)

 Lowest rectal temperature (°C)

19.6 (18.9, 20.6)

19.1 (18.7, 20.0)

19.4 (18.4, 19.9)

19.2 (18.7, 20.2)

 Lowest nasopharyngeal temperature (°C)

18.0 (17.7,18.6)

18.1 (17.6,18.5)

18.2 (18.0,19.0)

18.0 (17.7,18.7)

 RRT

0

0

0

4(57.1%)

 ECMO

1(1.5%)

0

0

2(28.6%)

 Delirium

6(8.8%)

5(13.2%)

2(20.0%)

1(14.3%)

 Reperfusion pulmonary edema

3(4.4%)

0

1(10.0%)

4(57.1%)

 Pulmonary infection

27(39.7%)

18(47.4%)

6(60.0%)

7(100%)

 Re-exploration

3(4.4%)

2(5.3%)

1(10.0%)

0

 Tracheotomy

2(2.9%)

0

3(30%)

4(57.1%)

 Pericardial effusion

4(5.9%)

3(7.9%)

1(10.0%)

1(14.3%)

 Stroke

1(1.5%)

0

0

0

 Debridement

2(2.9%)

0

0

0