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Table 2 Patients characteristics in levosimendan and control groups

From: Preconditioning with levosimendan reduces postoperative low cardiac output in moderate-severe systolic dysfunction patients who will undergo elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a cost-effective strategy

 

LEVOSIMENDAN (n = 13)

CONTROL (n = 41)

P

MEDICAL DEMOGRAPHICS

 Age (years)*

68.6 ± 9.8

65.7 ± 12.2

0.43

 Male, n (%)

12 (92.3)

29 (70.7)

0.11

 Female, n (%)

1 (7.7)

12 (29.3)

 Arterial hypertension, n (%)

9 (69.2)

25 (61)

0.59

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

6 (46.2)

25 (61)

0.35

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

7 (53.8)

19 (46.3)

0.35

 Renal failure, n (%)

2 (15.4)

4 (9.8)

0.57

 Previous myocardial infarction, n(%)

4 (36.4)

11 (32.4)

0.81

 HLV

3 (23.1)

8 (19.5)

0.27

 NYHA, n(%)I

3 (23.1)

16 (39)

0.78

 II

4 (30.8)

10 (24.4)

 III

4 (30.8)

10 (24.4)

 IV

2 (15.4)

5 (12.2)

 Euroscore †

7.7 ± 6.9

10.4 ± 8.8

0.33

 LVEF (fraction) †

30 (28–37)

39 (35–40)

< 0.01

INTRAOPERATIVE

 Graft type n(%) Saphenous

2 (15.4)

6 (14.6)

0.79

 IMA

2 (15.4)

10 (24.4)

 Both

9 (69.2)

25 (61)

 Aortic cross clamp time (min)†

62 ± 18

62 ± 44

0.98

 Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min)*

104 ± 35

96 ± 59

0.61

 Pump reentry, n(%)

0

2 (4.9)

0.42

MEDICAL-POSTOPERATIVE

 Postoperative NOAF, n (%)

2 (15.3)

9 (21.9)

0.46

 Low cardiac output, n (%)

2 (15.4)

25 (61)

< 0.01

 Cardiogenic shock, n(%)

0

10 (24.4)

< 0.05

 Posoperative myocardial infarction, n(%)

0

1 (6.2)

0.38

 Troponine I at 24 h, ng/mL

3.7 ± 6.7

7.5 ± 10.9

0.26

 Troponine I máximum, ng/mL

4.7 ± 5.8

16.9 ± 25.2

0,20

 Lactic acid at 24 h, mmol/L

1.1 ± 0.4

4.1 ± 7.2

0.02

 Hours of Dobutamine †

2 (0–24)

23 (3–71)

0.04

 Hours of Norepinephrine †

0 (0–17)

0 (0–42)

0.33

 Prolonged mechanical ventilation, n(%)

1 (7.7)

9 (22)

0.25

 Hours of mechanical ventilation†

2 (2–5)

7 (5–20)

< 0.01

 Renal failure, n (%)

1 (7.7)

10 (24.4)

0.19

 Hemodialysis, n (%)

0 (0)

3 (7.3)

0.32

 Exitus, n (%)

0 (0)

5 (12.2)

0.18

 ICU LOS (days) †

2 (1–4)

4 (3–6)

0.03

 PO Ward stay (days) †

6 (4–8)

5 (4–9)

0.78

  1. The results are expressed as cases and percentages -n (%) - either as *arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, or † median and 25–75 percentile, NOAF: new-onset atrial fibrillation, Prolonged mechanical ventilation: > 24 h. LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction. HLV: hypertrophy of left ventricle. NYHA: New York Heart Association. IMA: internal mammary artery. ICU LOS: Intensive Care Unit Length of stay; PO: Posoperative
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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

ISSN: 1749-8090

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