Table 1 Preoperative demographics and patient characteristics
Features | Minimally invasive beating heart (n = 30) | Median resternotomy arrested heart (n = 50) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age(years) | 60.7 ± 6.8 | 60.2 ± 7.6 | 0.30 |
Male sex | 18 (60.0%) | 33 (66.0%) | 0.59 |
Smoker | 19 (63.3%) | 34 (68.0%) | 0.67 |
BSA(m2) | 1.74 ± 0.08 | 1.74 ± 0.07 | 0.61 |
BMI(kg/ m2) | 23.6 ± 0.9 | 24.0 ± 1.0 | 0.90 |
Comorbidities | |||
Congestive heart failure | 6 (20.0%) | 12 (24.0%) | 0.68 |
Hypertension | 13 (43.3%) | 25 (50.0%) | 0.56 |
COPD | 2 (6.7%) | 7 (14.0%) | 0.52 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2 (6.7%) | 6 (12.0%) | 0.70 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 6 (20.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 0.33 |
Atrial fibrillation | 13 (43.3%) | 21 (42.0%) | 0.91 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (3.3%) | 3 (6.0%) | 1.0 |
Previous cardiac surgeries | 0.60 | ||
MVP | 8 (26.7%) | 9 (18.0%) | |
MVR | 8 (26.7%) | 18 (36.0%) | |
MVR + TVP | 4 (13.3%) | 6 (12.0%) | |
MVP + TVP | 4 (13.3%) | 3 (6.0%) | |
MVR + AVR | 4 (13.3%) | 10 (20.0%) | |
CABG | 2 (6.7%) | 4 (8.0%) | |
NYHA functional class | 0.64 | ||
I | 4 (13.3%) | 3 (6.0%) | |
II | 6 (20.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | |
III | 14 (46.7%) | 18 (36.0%) | |
IV | 6 (20.0%) | 14 (28.0%) | |
Logistic EuroSCORE | 15.3% ± 5.4% | 14.8% ± 5.4% | 0.61 |
Predominant valve lesion | 0.95 | ||
Perivalvular leakage | 6 (20.0%) | 9 (18.0%) | |
Prosthesis dysfunction | 2 (6.7%) | 6 (12.0%) | |
Rheumatic | 4 (13.3%) | 6 (12.0%) | |
Endocarditis | 6 (20.0%) | 11 (22.0%) | |
Perivalvular hyperplasia | 8 (26.7%) | 9 (18.0%) | |
Bioprosthetic valve decay | 4 (13.3%) | 9 (18.0%) | |
Echocardiography | |||
LVEF | 0.43 ± 0.08 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.27 |
LVEDD(mm) | 75.8 ± 3.9 | 75.3 ± 3.6 | 0.52 |
LVESD(mm) | 50.0 ± 5.3 | 49.2 ± 4.8 | 0.70 |
LVFS | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.32 ± 0.04 | 0.81 |
Cardiothoracic Ratio | 0.72 ± 0.05 | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 0.70 |
Moderate or greater TR | 8 (26.7%) | 14 (28.0%) | 0.90 |