Table 1 Preoperative Characteristics of Patient and Tumor
Characteristics | OE (n = 53) | MIE (n = 87) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (%) | Â | Â | 0.532 |
 Male | 73.58% | 79.31% |  |
 Female | 26.42% | 20.69% |  |
Age (years) | 63.02 ± 6.84 | 64.75 ± 7.80 | 0.241 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.51 ± 1.56 | 21.75 ± 1.53 | 0.421 |
ASA grade (%) | Â | Â | 0.122 |
 I | 35.85% | 27.59% |  |
 II | 50.94% | 48.28% |  |
 III | 13.21% | 24.13% |  |
Smoking history (%) | 67.92% | 74.71% | 0.442 |
Tumor stage (%) | Â | Â | 0.662 |
 T1 | 12% | 21% |  |
 T2 | 68% | 54% |  |
 T3 | 20% | 25% |  |
Comorbidity (%) | Â | Â | 0.462 |
 Hypertension | 50.94% | 74.71% |  |
 Diabetes | 9.4% | 13.79% |  |
 Coronary artery disease | 15.09% | 24.14% |  |
 Cardiac arrhythmia | 5.66% | 10.34% |  |
 Pulmonary disease | 33.96% | 35.63% |  |
 History of stroke | 9.43% | 11.49% |  |
 Neoadjuvant therapy (%) | 5.66% | 8.05% | 0.742 |