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Table 2 Characteristics of preterm neonates of the PDA ligation and Non-ligation groups

From: Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates weighing less than 1500g: a 9-year single center experience

Variables

PDA ligation

(n = 134)

Non-ligation

(n = 99)

p value

Maternal characteristics

 Maternal age, years

32.58 ± 4.30

33.29 ± 4.10

0.205

 Mother’s education level

  

0.946

  High, n (%)

9 (6.7)

6 (6.1)

 

  Intermediate, n (%)

88 (65.7)

67 (67.7)

 

  Low, n (%)

37 (27.6)

26 (26.3)

 

 GDM

10 (7.5)

10 (10.1)

0.488

 PIH

9 (6.7)

16 (16.2)

0.031

 PPROM

56 (41.8)

42 (42.4)

>  0.999

 Histologic chorioamnionitis

104 (77.6)

63 (63.6)

0.027

Neonate characteristics

 Gestational age, weeks

26.27 ± 2.28

27.37 ± 1.90

<  0.001

 Birth weight, grams

882.05 ± 226.61

1053.23 ± 244.76

<  0.001

 Length

33.69 ± 4.59

35.96 ± 3.36

<  0.001

 Head circumference

24.60 ± 3.10

25.58 ± 2.37

0.010

 Cesarean section

98 (73.1)

81 (81.8)

0.157

 Male sex

69 (51.5)

41 (41.8)

0.183

 Apgar score at 1 min

2.10 ± 1.30

2.73 ± 1.33

<  0.001

 pgar score at 5 min

4.58 ± 1.67

5.40 ± 1.55

<  0.001

 Antenatal corticosteroids

92 (68.7)

73 (73.7)

0.467

 Postnatal corticosteroids

57 (42.5)

31 (31.3)

0.101

 Age at PDA closure, days

15.57 ± 8.94

8.10 ± 2.71

<  0.001

 Body weight at surgical ligation

911.87 ± 270.16

 IVH

50 (37.3)

43 (43.4)

0.417

 IVH grade II

8 (6)

3 (3)

0.241

 IVH grade ≥ III

21 (15.7)

17 (17.2)

0.858

 PVL

10 (7.5)

9 (9.1)

0.809

 Culture-proven sepsis

83 (61.9)

55 (55.6)

0.347

 NEC

12 (9.0)

10 (10.1)

0.823

 NEC stage ≥ III

41 (30.8)

22 (22.2)

0.180

 BPD

74 (55.6)

44 (44.9)

0.112

 ROP

80 (60.2)

54 (55.1)

0.501

 Days on mechanical ventilator

30.62 ± 18.63

16.20 ± 14.55

<  0.001

 Days of oxygen therapy

68.70 ± 52.01

49.41 ± 28.20

0.001

 TPN days

44.44 ± 25.64

36.59 ± 21.21

0.014

 Hospital days

96.00 ± 40.44

79.89 ± 28.56

0.001

 PDA size

2.13 ± 0.84

1.68 ± 0.92

0.001

 PDA ductal diameter > 2.0 mm

70 (52.2)

22 (22.2)

<  0.001

 Deaths

1 (0.7)

2 (2)

0.576

  1. PDA patent ductus arteriosus, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PIH pregnancy-induced hypertension, PPROM preterm premature rupture of membranes, IVH intraventricular hemorrhage, PVL periventricular leukomalacia, NEC necrotizing enterocolitis, BPD bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ROP retinopathy of prematurity, TPN total parenteral nutrition
  2. Data are the mean ± SD or number (%)