| |
Univariable model
|
Multivariable model
|
|---|
|
HR (95% CI)
|
P
|
HR (95% CI)
|
P
|
|---|
|
Case volume strata
|
|
High volume (> 60 cases/year)
|
Reference
| |
Reference
| |
|
Low & medium volume (≤60 cases/year)a
|
1.53 (1.37–1.70)
|
< 0.001
|
1.55 (1.38–1.74)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Age
|
|
≤ 49
|
Reference
| |
Reference
| |
|
50–59
|
1.23 (0.98–1.53)
|
0.070
|
1.27 (1.02–1.58)
|
0.036
|
|
60–69
|
1.80 (1.49–2.18)
|
< 0.001
|
1.87 (1.54–2.28)
|
< 0.001
|
|
70–79
|
3.08 (2.58–3.67)
|
< 0.001
|
3.24 (2.67–3.93)
|
< 0.001
|
|
≥ 80
|
4.22 (3.39–5.25)
|
< 0.001
|
4.70 (3.73–5.93)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Female
|
0.97 (0.88–1.08)
|
0.621
|
0.73 (0.65–0.82)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Extracardiac arteriopathy
|
1.43 (1.24–1.65)
|
< 0.001
|
1.15 (1.00–1.33)
|
0.058
|
|
Renal impairment
|
3.02 (2.23–4.09)
|
< 0.001
|
1.89 (1.39–2.58)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Chronic lung disease
|
1.34 (1.20–1.49)
|
< 0.001
|
1.02 (0.91–1.14)
|
0.701
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.29 (1.16–1.44)
|
< 0.001
|
0.94 (0.83–1.06)
|
0.320
|
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
1.25 (1.11–1.41)
|
< 0.001
|
1.01 (0.89–1.15)
|
0.896
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.49 (1.25–1.76)
|
< 0.001
|
1.07 (0.90–1.28)
|
0.448
|
|
Angina pectoris
|
1.23 (1.09–1.39)
|
0.001
|
0.99 (0.87–1.13)
|
0.852
|
|
Recent MI
|
1.43 (1.02–2.01)
|
0.040
|
1.22 (0.86–1.73)
|
0.269
|
|
History of PCI
|
1.94 (1.28–2.93)
|
0.002
|
1.05 (0.68–1.61)
|
0.829
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
1.44 (1.22–1.70)
|
< 0.001
|
1.17 (0.98–1.40)
|
0.081
|
|
Emergent surgery
|
1.35 (1.07–1.71)
|
0.012
|
1.37 (1.07–1.75)
|
0.012
|
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
1.45 (1.17–1.81)
|
0.001
|
1.17 (0.93–1.46)
|
0.178
|
|
Perioperative RBC Transfusion
|
|
0–1 units
|
Reference
| |
Reference
| |
|
2–3 units
|
2.32 (1.56–3.44)
|
< 0.001
|
1.80 (1.21–2.67)
|
0.004
|
|
4–5 units
|
3.76 (2.52–5.59)
|
< 0.001
|
2.74 (1.83–4.08)
|
< 0.001
|
|
6- units
|
9.02 (6.09–13.37)
|
< 0.001
|
5.95 (4.00–8.85)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Surgery site
|
|
Ascending aorta
|
Reference
| |
Reference
| |
|
Aortic arch
|
1.72 (1.41–2.09)
|
< 0.001
|
1.46 (1.20–1.79)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Descending thoracic aorta
|
1.10 (0.95–1.27)
|
0.193
|
1.25 (1.06–1.46)
|
0.006
|
|
Combined
|
1.02 (0.90–1.16)
|
0.760
|
1.08 (0.94–1.23)
|
0.287
|
- CI Confidence interval, HR Hazard ratio, MI Myocardial infarction, PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention, RBC Red blood cell
- aLow- and medium-volume groups were merged into one group prior to the multivariable analysis to meet the proportional hazard assumption
