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Table 1 The reported randomized clinical trials regarding non-intubated thoracoscopic lung surgery

From: Contralateral spontaneous rupture of the esophagus following severe emesis after non-intubated pulmonary wedge resection

First author, year

Sample

Age, year

Anaesthesia method

Surgical procedure

Conversion to intubation

Postoperative analgesia

Morbidity due to gastrointestinal reactions

Pompeo, 2004 [21]

30

60 (45–68)

TEA at T4-T5

Pulmonary nodule resection

4 (13.3%)

TEA

NR

Pompeo, 2007 [22]

21

28 ± 14

Locoregional anaesthesia

Bullectomy

0

TEA

1 (4.8%)

Vanni, 2010 [23]

25

57 (51–62)

TEA

NR

0

PCIA

0

Tacconi, 2010 [24]

11

48 (43–55)

TEA

Lung nodule resection, bullectomy, pleura-lung biopsy

0

PCIA

0

Pompeo, 2011 [25]

32

64 ± 9

TEA at T4–5

Lung volume reduction

2 (6.3%)

NR

0

Pompeo, 2013 [26]

20

67 ± 12

TEA at T4

Pleurodesis

0

NR

0

Cai, 2013 [27]

30

23.5 ± 10.6

Laryngeal mask anesthesia

Bullectomy

0

PCIA

3 (10.0%)

Wang, 2014 [28]

50

43.2 ± 14.7

General anesthesia; laryngeal mask

Bullectomy, lobectomy, biopsy, mediastinal mass excision

0

NR

0

Liu, 2015 [29]

167

NR

TEA

Wedge resection, lobectomy

0

NR

4 (2.4%)

Chen, 2016 [30]

85

23.3 ± 6.8

Intravenous anesthesia

Sympathectomy

0

NR

0

Mao, 2018 [31]

30

21 ± 3.2

General anesthesia + laryngeal mask

NUSS procedure

0

PCIA

3 (10.0%)

Hwang, 2018 [32]

21

17 (17–45)

Sedation anesthesia

Bullectomy

0

Local analgesia

0

Mogahed, 2019 [33]

35

42.9 ± 9.6

General anaesthesia

Lung resections, excision/biopsy of mediastinal mass, foreign body extraction and pericardial window.

0

Intramuscular ketoprofen

NR

35

43.5 ± 10.5

General anaesthesia + TEA

35

44.0 ± 9.3

General anaesthesia + intercostal block infiltration

  1. Abbreviations: TEA thoracic epidural anesthesia; PCIA patient controlled intravenous analgesia; NR not reported