Table 1 Preoperative patient characteristics (n = 40)
Covariate | Mean ± SD or Number (%) |
|---|---|
Demographics | |
Age, years | 69 ± 9 |
Male sex | 27 (68) |
New York Heart Association class III/IV | 3 (8) |
Comorbidities | |
Systemic hypertension | 23 (58) |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 (15) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (8) |
Chronic kidney disease | 15 (38) |
Cerebrovascular events | 2 (5) |