Fig. 1

a Typical intramural hematoma was defined as crescentic or circumferential uniform thickening of the aortic wall (> 5 mm) without any intimal tear (Asterisk indicated). b & c Penetrating ulcer was defined as a focal disruption in the arterial intima (Arrow indicated). d - g For differentiation of PAU and dissection, the calcification of intima was used as auxiliary line to locate the intima. As shown in d and e, the frontier of projection (Arrow indicated) was calcified intima (Asterisk indicated), which protruded into the media on the following cross sections (f and g). h - k The projection (Arrow indicated) was located inside the calcified intima (Asterisk indicated), which is considered as rupture secondary to type B IMH