Most patient conditions do not a priori debilitate the sensitivity of thoracic ultrasound in thoracic surgery-a prospective comparative study

Table 2 Comparison of covariates between the subgroup with false-negative ultrasound examination and the remaining population

Covariate	False negatives (n = 59)	Rest population (n = 274)	p-value
Covariate	Proportion / mean ± standard deviation	Proportion / mean ± standard deviation	p-value
Age, years	65.7 ± 12.7	64.1 ± 11.0	0.38 ^t
COPD GOLD grade	mode: 2	mode: 0	0.22 ^c
Chest tube	0.32	0.42	1 ^c
Soft tissue emphysema	0.12	0.14	1 ^c
Ipsilateral pretreatment (surgery or irradiation)	0.10	0.23	1 ^c
Packyears	33.8 ± 27.35	32.1 ± 26.9	0.66 ^t
Thoracotomy	0.42	0.52	1 ^c
BMI, kg/m²	25.6 ± 4.6	26.9 ± 5.5	0.08 ^t
Male gender	0.54	0.55	1 ^c
Supine X-ray	0.68	0.57	1 ^c

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