Table 1 Main features of studies included
From: Risk factors of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis
Study Included | Design | Setting | Sample Size | Incidence | Diagnosis Standard | Risk Factors Identified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burkhart 2010 [19] | Retrospective analysis | University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland | 113 | 30% | CAM | Max CRP, Fentanyl intraoperatively, Duration of mechanical ventilation |
Cai 2020 [20] | Prospective cohort study | Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China | 635 | 11.5% | CAM-ICU | NT-proBNP, NYHA functional classification III or IV, LVEF |
Itagaki 2020 [21] | Retrospective analysis | The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan | 89 | 28.1% | ICDSC | Age, MCI (MoCA< 26 points), Frailty (J-CHS3 points) |
Katznelson 2009 [22] | Prospective cohort study | Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada | 1059 | 11.5% | CAM-ICU | Red blood cell transfusion, (>  5 units), Perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump support, Preoperative depression, Preoperative creatinine > 150 mM, Age ≥ 60 years, Combined CABG and valvular surgery. Preoperative administration of statins was found protective |
Kazmierski 2010 [23] | Prospective cohort study | WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Lodz, Poland | 563 | 16.3% | DSM-IV | Age ≥ 65 years, MMSE < 25, Major depression, Anemia, AF, Intubation > 24 h, pO2 < 60 mmHg |
Kotfis 2019 [24] | Prospective cohort study | Hospital of Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland | 3178 | 15.8% | DSM-V | Age, NYHA class III or IV, HbA1c, Creatinine at admission, Extracardiac arteriopathy |
Krzych 2013 [25] | Prospective observational study | Upper Silesia Medical Center, Katowice, Poland | 5781 | 4.1% | DSM-IV | Postoperative cerebral ischemia, blood transfusion, Age > 65 years, Carotid artery stenosis, Emergency surgery, Fasting glucose level, ΔpO2, ΔHematocrit. Hypertension was found protective |
Norkiene 2013 [26] | Prospective cohort study | Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania | 87 | 13.30% | ICDSC | ICU stay, Duration of controlled mechanical ventilation |
Ogawa 2018 [27] | Prospective cohort study | Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan | 313 | 14.6% | ICDSC | 6MWD, ICU stay |
Sabol 2015 [28] | Prospective observational study | VUSCH, Kosice, Slovakia | 250 | 20.8% | CAM-ICU | Age, EuroSCORE II, CPB time, ACC time, Sufentanil dose, Benzodiazepine administration, CABG |
Sauër 2017 [29] | Retrospective analysis | University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands | 184 | 12.5% | CAM-ICU | Trailmaking test A |
Smulter 2013 [30] | Prospective observational study | Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden | 142 | 54.9% | DSM-IV | NRS pain, Diabetes, Oxygen saturation peripheral, Combined surgical procedure, Volume load (blood excluded), Ventilator time, Sodium concentration in ICU |
Tully 2010 [31] | Prospective cohort study | Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia | 158 | 31% | Delirium Symptom Interview (DSI) based on DSM-IV | ACC time, hemoglobin, Major depressive disorder, Psychotropic/anti-cholinergic drug use |
Wesselink 2015 [32] | Prospective observational study | University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands | 734 | 13% | CAM and CAM-ICU | MAP< 60 mmHg |