Table 1 Baseline preoperative characteristics of patients who underwent valve surgery via the use of CORKNOT®
Demographics | Subclass distribution | Comparison group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Valve Replacement (n = 89) | Combined Repair and replacement (n = 10) | Valve Repair (n = 33) | Single Mitral Valve Repair (n = 29) | Double Valve Repair (n = 4) | Single Mitral Valve Replacement (n = 37) | Single Aortic Valve Replacement (n = 43) | p-value |
Age – year (mean ± SD) | 61.2 ± 12.0 | 66.6 ± 10.9 | 55.1 ± 12.2 | 54.6 ± 12.6 | 58.8 ± 9.5 | 60.5 ± 10.3 | 62.9 ± 12.5 | 0.357 |
Gender | 19/37 | 34/43 | 0.009 | |||||
Male | 59 (66.3%) | 6 (60%) | 26 (78.8%) | 23 (79.3%) | 3 (75%) | 19 (51.4%) | 34 (79.1%) | |
Female | 30 (33.7%) | 4 (40%) | 7 (21.2%) | 6 (20.7%) | 1 (25%) | 18 (48.6%) | 9 (20.9%) | |
Ethnicity | 26/37 | 32/43 | 0.031 | |||||
Chinese | 65 (73.0%) | 8 (80%) | 22 (66.7%) | 19 (65.5%) | 3 (75%) | 26 (70.3%) | 32 (74.4%) | |
Malay | 5 (5.6%) | 0 | 3 (9.1%) | 3 (10.3%) | 0 | 4 (5.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | |
Indian | 5 (5.6%) | 0 | 4 (12.1%) | 4 (13.8%) | 0 | 5 (6.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | |
Caucasian | 3 (3.4%) | 0 | – | – | 0 | 3 (3.8%) | 3 (7.0%) | |
Others | 11 (12.4%) | 2 (20%) | 4 (12.1%) | 3 (10.3%) | 1 (25%) | 7 (18.9%) | 3 (7.0%) | |
Body Surface Area – m2 (mean ± SD) | – | – | 1.81 ± 0.19 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | – | 1.73 ± 0.25 | 1.82 ± 0.21 | 0.129 |
Pre-operative Ejection Fraction – % (mean ± SD) | 55.0 ± 12.0 | 59.0 ± 5.2 | 56.2 ± 14.4 | 57.8 ± 13.0 | 45.0 ± 21.2 | 59.5 ± 9.8 | 52.0 ± 13.5 | 0.007 |
Co-morbidities | ||||||||
Stroke | 5 (5.6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (5.4%) | 2 (4.7%) | 1.00 |
Transient Ischemic Attack | 1 (1.1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.3%) | 1.00 |
Congestive Cardiac Failure | 16 (18.0%) | 1 (10%) | 3 (9.1%) | 2 (6.9%) | 1 (25%) | 8 (21.6%) | 5 (11.6%) | 0.244 |
Hypertension | 45 (50.6%) | 5 (50%) | 16 (48.5%) | 14 (48.3%) | 2 (50%) | 14 (37.8%) | 25 (58.1%) | 0.078 |
Hyperlipidemia | 47 (52.8%) | 3 (30%) | 14 (42.4%) | 12 (41.4%) | 2 (50%) | 16 (43.2%) | 30 (69.8%) | 0.023 |
Peripheral Arterial Disease | 7 (7.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (8.1%) | 3 (7.0%) | 1.00 |
Myocardial Infarction | 9 (10.1%) | 1 (10%) | 2 (6.1%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0 | 3 (8.1%) | 6 (14.0%) | 0.494 |
Diabetes | 23 (25.8%) | 1 (10%) | 6 (18.2%) | 4 (13.8%) | 2 (50%) | 10 (27.0%) | 12 (27.9%) | 1.00 |
Deep Vein Thrombosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
Pulmonary Embolism | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
Smoking | 17 (19.1%) | 0 | 5 (15.2%) | 5 (17.2%) | 0 | 6 (16.2 | 8 (18.6%) | 1.00 |
Chronic Renal Disease | 5 (5.6%) | 0 | 1 (3.0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 | 5 (6.3%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0.658 |
Creatinine Clearance – ml/min (mean ± SD) | 81.8 ± 26.6 | 75.5 ± 24.5 | 87.6 ± 19.5 | 88.7 ± 20.2 | 80.0 ± 12.6 | 82.1 ± 26.1 | 81.8 ± 26.1 | 0.960 |
Chronic Liver Disease | 0 | 1 (10%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
Chronic Lung Disease | 6 (6.7%) | 0 | 1 (3.0%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.7%) | 5 (11.6%) | 0.209 |
Active Endocarditis | 14 (15.7%) | 1 (10%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 (27.0%) | 3 (7.0%) | 0.030 |
Previous Cardiac Surgery | 7 (7.9%) | 3 (30%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (8.1%) | 3 (7.0%) | 1.00 |
Poor Mobility | 10 (11.2%) | 4 (40%) | 1 (3.0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 | 6 (16.2%) | 4 (9.3%) | 0.501 |