Table 1 Clinicopathological, operative and biochemical variables associated with AL

Gender

 Male

214 (78.4)

183 (76.6)

31 (91.2)

 Female

59 (21.6)

56 (23.4)

3 (8.8)

Age (years)

64.4 ± 8.8

64.3 ± 8.9

64.8 ± 8.4

BMI (kg/m²)

22.94 ± 3.18

22.99 ± 3.25

22.56 ± 2.67

Preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

 No

228 (83.5)

197 (82.4)

31 (91.2)

 Yes

45 (16.5)

42 (17.6)

3 (8.8)

Diabetes

 No

253 (92.7)

222 (92.9)

31 (91.2)

 Yes

20 (7.3)

17 (7.1)

3 (8.8)

Smoking

 No

135 (50.5)

121 (50.6)

14 (41.2)

 Yes

138 (49.5)

118 (49.4)

20 (58.8)

Thoracic operation history

 No

271 (99.3)

237 (99.2)

34 (100)

 Yes

2 (0.7)

2 (0.8)

0 (0)

Pulmonary diseases

 No

270 (98.9)

237 (99.2)

33 (97.1)

 Yes

3 (1.1)

2 (0.8)

1 (2.9)

ASA score

 1

187 (68.5)

157 (65.7)

30 (88.2)

 2

72 (26.4)

70 (29.3)

2 (5.9)

 3

14 (5.1)

12 (5.0)

2 (5.9)

Tumor location

 Upper

20 (7.3)

19 (7.9)

1 (2.9)

 Middle

164 (60.1)

140 (58.6)

24 (70.6)

 Lower

89 (32.6)

80 (33.5)

9 (26.5)

Histology

 SCC

256 (93.8)

224 (93.7)

32 (94.1)

 AC

2 (0.7)

2 (0.8)

0 (0)

 ASC

2 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

1 (2.9)

 Other ^a

13 (4.8)

12 (5.0)

1 (2.9)

Differentiation

 Well

71 (26.0)

61 (25.5)

10 (29.4)

 Moderate

158 (57.9)

139 (58.2)

19 (55.9)

 Poor

44 (16.1)

39 (16.3)

5 (14.7)

Pathological Stage

 I

104 (38.1)

90 (37.6)

14 (41.2)

 II

62 (22.7)

59 (24.7)

3 (8.8)

 III

101 (37.0)

86 (36.0)

15 (44.1)

 IV

6 (2.2)

4 (1.7)

2 (5.9)

Operation type

 Open operation

137 (50.2)

128 (53.6)

9 (26.5)

 VATS

97 (35.5)

77 (32.2)

20 (58.8)

 RATS

39 (14.3)

34 (14.2)

5 (14.7)

Duration of operation (hours)

3.96 ± 1.18

3.83 ± 1.15

4.88 ± 0.97

Nutritional pathway

 Jejunostomy tube

31 (11.4)

25 (10.5)

6 (17.6)

 Nasojejunal tube

242 (88.6)

214 (89.5)

28 (82.4)

Postoperative WBC (10⁹/L)

11.14 ± 3.36

11.19 ± 3.33

10.80 ± 3.62

Postoperative lymphocyte (10⁹/L)

0.69 ± 0.35

0.70 ± 0.36

0.61 ± 0.29

Postoperative monocyte (10⁹/L)

0.61 ± 0.25

0.60 ± 0.24

0.61 ± 0.32

Postoperative neutrocyte (10⁹/L)

9.77 ± 3.19

9.81 ± 3.18

9.51 ± 3.30

Postoperative RBC (10¹²/L)

3.89 ± 0.60

3.91 ± 0.58

3.75 ± 0.67

Postoperative albumin (g/L)

33.75 ± 3.69

34.11 ± 3.50

31.2 ± 0

Postoperative Hb (g/L)

118.5 ± 19.0

119.3 ± 19.0

112.5 ± 17.7

Postoperative platelet (10⁹/L)

179.08 ± 56.87

178.91 ± 55.37

180.29 ± 67.43

Postoperative CRP (mg/L)

71.19 ± 63.71

56.45 ± 47.70

174.82 ± 66.35

Postoperative glucose (mmol/L)

8.42 ± 2.94

8.50 ± 3.03

7.86 ± 2.13

Postoperative CRP/ALB ratio

2.19 ± 2.12

1.69 ± 1.50

5.74 ± 2.43

Postoperative NLR

18.74 ± 13.02

18.41 ± 12.64

21.04 ± 15.42

Postoperative PLR

320.31 ± 186.99

312.87 ± 176.75

372.62 ± 244.30

Postoperative LMR

1.42 ± 1.31

1.42 ± 1.32

1.36 ± 1.23

Postoperative PNI

68.29 ± 18.48

69.21 ± 18.74

61.81 ± 15.27