Fig. 1

a A CT image shows a functional pseudo-vascular ring formed by the aorta (black arrow heads) and the aberrant right subclavian artery (white arrow) causing tracheal compression (dotted yellow outline). b A sagittal view of a CT image showing tracheomalacia and compression from the pseudo-vascular ring (black arrow). c, d A post-operative CT image after the placement of a tissue expander in the extrapleural space, showing the improvement of the tracheal compression (C: dotted outline and D: black arrows)