From: Lidocaine for postoperative pain after cardiac surgery: a systematic review
Author | Study design | Participants | Intervention vs. control | Timeline | Primary outcome | Secondary outcome | Follow-up period | Drop outs | Risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insler, 2009 [23] | Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial | n = 100; MS for CABG; mean age 63 years; 72% male | IV lidocaine infusion (n = 44) vs. placebo substitute (n = 45) | Anesthesia induction until either ICU dismissal or PO hour 48 | VAS pain score at PO hours 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 96 | ICU hemodynamics; MI; extubation time; sedation score; PO fentanyl, midazolam, propranolol doses; ICU and hospital length of stay | ICU dismissal or PO hour 48 | 11 | Some concerns |
Kang, 2014 [24] | Randomized placebo-controlled trial | n = 45; MS for CABG, mean age 68 years; 67% male | Topical lidocaine 2% gel on chest tubes (n = 22) vs. normal saline placebo (n = 23) | Single application with intraoperative insertion of chest tubes | VAS pain scores at extubation and POD 1, 2, 3, 7 | Cumulative PCA fentanyl PCA; number of PCA button pushes; chest tube worse site of pain | POD 7 | 3 | Low |
Mashaqi, 2018 [25] | Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial | n = 40; MS for CABG; age and sex not reported | Intrapleural 12 mL 2% lidocaine (n = 20) vs. 12 mL 0.9% saline solution placebo (n = 20) | Single injection on POD 1 and 2; administered via left-sided double-lumen chest tube | NRS pain scores on POD 1 and POD 2 | FEV1 before and after injections on POD 1 and POD 2 | POD 2 | 0 | High |