Development of a new sternal dehiscence prediction scale for decision making in sternal closure techniques after cardiac surgery

Table 2 Risk factors (univariable analysis)^a (n = 7173)

Variable	Sternal dehiscence		No sternal complication		P-value
Variable	n	%	n	%	P-value
	176	2.5	6997	97.5
Age (years)
Mean	66.9	(22–85)	66.5	(18–92)
< 60	34	19	1819	26
> 60	142	81	5178	74	0.0065
Gender
Male	142	81	5178	74	0.0247
Female	34	19	1819	26
BMI (kg/m²)
Mean	30.3	(17–46)	28.1	(14–57)
< 25	27	15.4	1816	26.0
25–35	115	65.3	4691	67.0
> 35	34	19.3	490	7.0	< 0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
No	94	54	4884	69.8
NIDDM	40	22	1316	18.8	0.1408^b
IDDM	42	24	797	11.4	< 0.0001^c
COPD^d
Yes	29	16.5	595	8.5	0.0507
No	147	83.5	6402	91.5
Renal failure^e
Yes	7	4	183	2.6	0.0543
No	169	96	6814	97.4
Smoker
No	73	42	3779	54.0
Ex-	61	35	1976	28.2	0.0546
Current	42	23	1242	17.7	0.0009
Previous cardiac OP
No	154	87.5	5943	84.9
> 6 months	22	12.5	1054	15.1	0.0533
Cardiogenic shock
No	171	97.2	6730	96.2
< 3 weeks	2	1.1	80	1.1	0.7441^f
< 48 h.	3	1.7	187	2.7	0.1124^g
Surgical priority
Elective	69	39	3128	44.7
Urgent	79	45	3032	43.3	0.6494^h
Emergency	28	16	837	12.0	0.1169ⁱ
OP-Duration
Mean (SD)	236	+ 130
< 300 min	148	84	6288	89.9
> 300 min	28	16	709	10.1	0.1626
Re-Exploration
Yes	47	27	373	5.3	< 0.0001
No	129	73	6624	94.7

Legend: The incidence of each variable is shown in the group with sternal dehiscence and with no sternal complication. Univariable analysis was performed and P-value was calculated
^aValues are no. of patients or mean + SD with interquartile range in brackets; BMI Body Mass Index, NIDDM Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes mellitus, IDDM Insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus; ^bNIDDM vs. no DM; ^cIDDM vs. no DM; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ^d,eall stages, as defined by EuroScore II; ^fCardiogenic shock within 3 weeks vs. no; ^gCardiogenic shock > 48 h vs. no; ^helective vs. urgent; ^Ielective vs. emergency

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