From: Effect of cannulation site on emboli travel during cardiac surgery
BUBBLE COUNT [bubbles/μL] | ||||||||
Injection Site | ECC Bubbles | Heart Bubbles | ||||||
Bubbles Size | S | M | L | SUM | S | M | L | SUM |
Aortic Cannulation | ||||||||
Injected | 0.38 ± 0.31 | 0.54 ± 0.47 | 0.23 ± 0.11 | 1.15 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Brain | 0.12 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.09 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.41 ± 0.25 | 0.43 ± 0.17 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 1 |
Non-Brain | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.83 ± 0.58 | 0.63 ± 0.13 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 1.7 |
Axillary Cannulation | ||||||||
Injected | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 0.42 ± 0.17 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.92 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Brain | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.09 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.2 ± 0.24 | 0.23 ± 0.27 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.48 |
Non-Brain | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.63 ± 0.69 | 0.43 ± 0.39 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 1.19 |
Femoral Cannulation | ||||||||
Injected | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.38 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Brain | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.84 ± 1.36 | 0.84 ± 1.42 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.76 |
Non-Brain | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.58 ± 4.63 | 1.14 ± 1.34 | 0.24 ± 0.13 | 3.96 |
BUBBLE VOLUME DISTRIBUTION [μL/μL*100] | ||||||||
Injection Site | ECC Bubbles | Heart Bubbles | ||||||
Bubbles Size | S | M | L | SUM | S | M | L | SUM |
Aortic Cannulation | ||||||||
Injected | 0.6 ± 0.47 | 8.36 ± 7.29 | 91.0 ± 7.7 | 100% | 1.86 ± 1.26 | 17.65 ± 3.24 | 80.49 ± 3.79 | 100% |
Brain | 0.18 ± 0.10 | 2.62 ± 1.63 | 40.62 ± 53.57 | 43.42% | 0.66 ± 0.44 | 7.01 ± 2.32 | 42.40 ± 8.42 | 50.07% |
Non-Brain | 0.42 ± 0.39 | 5.74 ± 6.15 | 50.42 ± 59.29 | 56.58% | 1.20 ± 0.84 | 10.63 ± 2.74 | 38.09 ± 8.82 | 49.92% |
Axillary Cannulation | ||||||||
Injected | 0.42 ± 0.14 | 6.4 ± 2.2 | 93.18 ± 2.34 | 100% | 1.27 ± 1.37 | 8.4 ± 7.62 | 90.34 ± 8.96 | 100% |
Brain | 0.23 ± 0.09 | 3.63 ± 1.33 | 14.89 ± 8.59 | 18.75% | 0.32 ± 0.37 | 3.32 ± 3.77 | 14.97 ± 6.62 | 18.61% |
Non-Brain | 0.19 ± 0.09 | 2.77 ± 2.85 | 78.29 ± 8.05 | 81.25% | 0.95 ± 1.0 | 5.08 ± 3.95 | 75.37 ± 13.32 | 81.4% |
Femoral Cannulation | ||||||||
Injected | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 2.56 ± 0.47 | 97.31 ± 0.51 | 100% | 4.94 ± 8.73 | 24.83 ± 25.78 | 70.22 ± 34.3 | 99.9% |
Brain | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 1.43 ± 0.2 | 15.56 ± 4.95 | 17.03% | 1.25 ± 2.12 | 10.65 ± 15.92 | 16.73 ± 12.98 | 28.63% |
Non-Brain | 0.08 ± 0.05 | 1.13 ± 0.39 | 81.76 ± 5.21 | 82.97% | 3.69 ± 6.61 | 14.18 ± 10.38 | 53.49 ± 31.23 | 71.36% |