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Table 4 Multivariable cox regression for overall survival and lung cancer-specific survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer ≤1 cm

From: Surgical choice for patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer ≤2 cm: an analysis from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database

Variables

Overall survival

Lung cancer-specific survival

Univariate analysis

Multivariable Cox regression

Univariate analysis

Multivariable Cox regression

HR (95%)

p

HR (95%)

p

HR (95%)

p

HR (95%)

p

Age

 ≤ 60 y

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 60–70 y

1.569 (1.286 to 1.913)

< 0.001

1.420 (1.161 to 1.737)

< 0.001

1.224 (0.949 to 1.578)

0.905

1.139 (0.880 to 1.474)

0.325

 > 70 y

2.853(2.285 to 3.562)

< 0.001

2.442 (1.943 to 3.068)

< 0.001

1.984 (1.476 to 2.669)

< 0.001

1.753 (1.291 to 2.380)

< 0.001

Gender

 Male

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 Female

0.666 (0.577 to 0.767)

< 0.001

0.732 (0.633 to 0.846)

< 0.001

0.707 (0.580 to 0.862)

< 0.001

0.773 (0.632 to 0.945)

0.013

Race

 White

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 Black

1.053 (0.811 to 1.367)

0.702

1.134 (0.871 to 1.475)

0.352

1.055 (0.736 to 1.513)

0.772

1.077 (0.749 to 1.548)

0.692

 Hispanic

0.471 (0.273 to 0.813)

0.007

0.471 (0.272 to 0.814)

0.007

0.558 (0.278 to 1.120)

0.102

0.556 (0.276 to 1.120)

0.102

 Asian

0.418 (0.251 to 0.696)

0.001

0.454 (0.272 to 0.756)

0.003

0.373 (0.177 to 0.785)

0.010

0.407 (0.193 to 0.858)

0.019

 Other

0.607 (0.197 to 1.878)

0.389

0.732 (0.236 to 2.269)

0.591

NA

NA

NA

NA

Side

 LEFT

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 RIGHT

0.964 (0.834 to 1.114)

0.618

NA

NA

0.967 (0.790 to 1.182)

0.742

NA

NA

Location

 Upper

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 Middle

0.689 (0.490 to 0.969)

0.033

0.798 (0.566 to 1.126)

0.201

0.686 (0.427 to 1.103)

0.121

0.786 (0.487 to 1.269)

0.786

 Lower

0.918 (0.781 to 1.079)

0.299

0.965 (0.820 to 1.135)

0.667

0.923 (0.738 to 1.155)

0.486

0.979 (0.781 to 1.228)

0.857

Grade

 Grade I

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 Grade II

1.903 (1.548 to 2.338)

< 0.001

1.505 (1.211 to 1.870)

< 0.001

2.423 (1.786 to 3.287)

< 0.001

2.036 (1.483 to 2.795)

< 0.001

 Grade III

2.373 (1.904 to 2.958)

< 0.001

1.640 (1.291 to 2.084)

< 0.001

2.859 (2.064 to 3.959)

< 0.001

2.089 (1.474 to 2.960)

< 0.001

 Grade IV

1.704 (0.965 to 3.010)

0.068

1.000 (0.524 to 1.907)

0.999

1.886 (0.814 to 4.369)

0.141

0.948 (0.374 to 2.407)

0.912

 Unknow

1.896 (1.459 to 2.464)

< 0.001

1.806 (1.379 to 2.365)

< 0.001

2.584 (1.784 to 3.744)

< 0.001

2.524 (1.723 to 3.697)

< 0.001

Histology

 sq

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 ad

0.598 (0.535 to 0.670)

< 0.001

0.751 (0.628 to 0.898)

0.002

0.777 (0.606 to 0.996)

0.048

0.994 (0.767 to 1.287)

0.963

 BAC

0.350 (0.269 to 0.451)

< 0.001

0.479 (0.357 to 0.641)

< 0.001

0.378 (0.254 to 0.560)

< 0.001

0.530 (0.344 to 0.815)

0.004

 Large cell

0.947 (0.643 to 1.395)

0.786

1.110 (0.718 to 1.718)

0.640

1.462 (0.892 to 2.395)

0.134

1.793 (1.038 to 3.097)

0.037

 Other

0.820 (0.637 to 1.056)

0.127

0.858 (0.660 to 1.117)

0.258

1.046 (0.731 to 1.496)

0.806

1.083 (0.746 to 1.571)

0.677

Surgical type

 Lobectomy

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 Segmentectomy

1.046 (0.745 to 1.469)

0.795

0.817 (0.565 to 1.180)

0.286

1.121 (0.710 to 1.770)

0.625

0.891 (0.540 to 1.469)

0.652

 Wedge resection

1.593 (1.375 to 1.846)

< 0.001

1.255 (1.022 to 1.540)

0.031

1.587 (1.293 to 1.947)

< 0.001

1.292 (0.972 to 1.718)

0.079

Lymph node

 LND

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

1.000 (reference)

 

 Without LND

1.260 (1.170 to 1.356)

< 0.001

1.143 (1.030 to 1.268)

0.012

1.590 (1.296 to 1.953)

< 0.001

1.134 (0.982 to 1.310)

0.088

  1. Abbreviations: sq. Squamous cell carcinoma, ad Adenocarcinoma, BAC Bronchoalveolar carcinoma, LND Lymph node dissection