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Table 4 Intraoperative Data

From: The additional use of methylene blue has a decatecholaminisation effect on cardiac vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery

 

MB Group

n = 311

Non-MB Group

n = 202

p-value

Emergency Operation

137 [44]

60 [30]

0.002

Surgery Type

 CABG

135 [46]

111 [55]

n.s.

 Valve

54 [18]

29 [14]

 

 CABG+VALVE

47 [17]

19 [9]

 

 Aorta

5 [2]

1 [1]

 

 VAD

10 [3]

1 [1]

n.s.

 Others

53 [18]

42 [21]

 

With CBP

273 [88]

172 [85]

n.s.

Previous Non-Cardiac & Cardiac Surgery

98 [32]

32[16]

0.001

CBP Time [min]

119 ± 68

102 ± 62

0.006

Cross-Clamp Time [min]

77 ± 49

64 ± 43

0.003

Hypothermia

24 [8]

8 [4]

n.s.

CPR

51 [17]

26 [13]

n.s.

ECMO

20 [7]

3 [2]

0.022

ECMO [min]

39 ± 51

0

n.s.

IABP

30 [10]

7 [4]

0.035

MAP [mmHg]

 Pre Induction

87 ± 18

90 ± 15

n.s.

 Post Induction

78 ± 13

80 ± 11

n.s.

 Postoperative in OR

68 ± 15

69 ± 16

n.s.

Heart Rate [1/min]

 Pre Induction

79 ± 21

78 ± 17

n.s.

 Post Induction

74 ± 21

71 ± 17

n.s.

 Postoperative in OR

98 ± 20

96 ± 19

n.s.

Diuresis [mL]

812 ± 608

881 ± 627

n.s.

Norepinephrine [mg/h]

 After CBP

0.49 ± 0.8

0.33 ± 0.4

0.004

 Before CPB

0.57 ± 0.5

0.72 ± 0.9

0.032

Dobutamine [mg/h]

 After CBP

4.8 ± 7.5

3.6 ± 6.3

n.s.

 Before CPB

6.9 ± 9.3

8.3 ± 9.1

n.s.

Epinephrine [mg/h]

 After CBP

0.11 ± 0.5

0.03 ± 0.2

0.007

 Before CPB

0.31 ± 0.3

0.21 ± 0.3

0.001

Vasopressin [I.E./h]

 After CBP

0.03 ± 0.5

0.01 ± 0.1

n.s.

 Before CPB

0.31 ± 2.1

0.07 ± 0.4

n.s.

Hydrocortisone

 Bolus [mg]

73 ± 44

96 ± 15

n.s.

 Continuous [mg/h]

13 ± 21

65 ± 60

n.s.

Blood Products

 Erythrocytes

2.2 ± 2.6

1.4 ± 2.1

0.001

 Fresh frozen plasma

2.1 ± 3.9

1.0 ± 2.5

0.001

 Thrombocytes

1.0 ± 1.4

0.7 ± 1.0

0.002

 Cellsaver-blood [ml]

389 ± 742

289 ± 443

n.s.

 PPSB [I.E.]

1088 ± 1867

873 ± 1547

n.s.

 Minirin [μg]

9.7 ± 36.6

5.9 ± 11.3

n.s.

Fluids [mL]

 Crystalloids

1286 ± 959

1886 ± 1955

0.001

 Colloids

449 ± 458

386 ± 445

n.s.

  1. CAPG Coronary artery bypass grafting, VAD Ventricular assist device, CPB Cardiopulmonary bypass, CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CPB Cardiopulmonary bypass, IABP Intra-aortic balloon pump, MAP Mean arterial pressure, OR Operation room. All data are presented as number [%] or mean +/− SD. n.s.: not significant